# Financial and Investment Analysts

US SOC code 13-2051. Markdown version of https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/13-2051

Also called: Financial analyst, Investment analyst, Equity research analyst, Equity analyst, Buy-side analyst.

## In brief

In May 2025, [BLS](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm25nat.zip) counted **361,980** US financial and investment analysts, with median pay of **$102,740** a year. Of the BLS counts since 2021, the May 2025 count is the highest. The earliest figure here is [an estimate](https://www.cfainstitute.org/about/history) of **700** from 1944, not measured the same way as today's count. The last full technology era for financial and investment analysts: Excel-based financial modeling suites, 2010 to 2022.

## What the sources say

### Official outlook

BLS projects employment to grow 7.2% from 2025 to 2035. Source: [BLS Employment Projections 2025-35](https://data.bls.gov/projections/nationalMatrix?queryParams=13-2051&ioType=o).

### AI exposure studies

- **50%** of this job's tasks are exposed to large language models. Not a forecast of job losses. [Eloundou and others, 2023](https://github.com/openai/GPTs-are-GPTs/blob/main/data/occ_level.csv)

Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35. BLS publishes these counts as yearly survey snapshots and cautions against reading them as a precise trend.

## Financial and Investment Analysts employment and pay by year

- On record since: 1900
- Latest US employment: 361,980 (May 2025). Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 [5]
- Latest US median pay: $102,740 (May 2025). Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 [16]
- Outlook: +7.2% by 2035. Source: BLS Employment Projections 2025-35 [38]

### In other countries

The latest figure each country's statistics agency publishes for this job. Each uses its own occupation definition, survey basis and currency, so the numbers are not directly comparable with each other or with the US figures.

- **Canada** (NOC 11101)
  - Employment, 2020: 57,330. Source: Statistics Canada Census 2021 [8]. Statistics Canada Census of Population 2021: number of persons with employment income in NOC 11101 Financial and investment analysts, Canada, reference year 2020. A recipients basis (anyone with employment income during the year), slightly broader than a point-in-time employed count. Statistics Canada Open Licence.
  - Median pay, 2020: C$86,000. Source: Statistics Canada Census 2021 [20]. Statistics Canada Census of Population 2021 (Table 98-10-0586): median employment income for NOC 11101 Financial and investment analysts, Canada, reference year 2020, full-year full-time workers (the basis comparable to the US OEWS full-time median). Statistics Canada Open Licence.
- **United Kingdom** (UK SOC 2422)
  - Employment, 2025: 197,000. Source: ONS ASHE 2025 [11]. ONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (Table 14): employee jobs in SOC 2422 Finance and investment analysts and advisers, United Kingdom, 2025 (ASHE "number of jobs", thousands x1000; excludes self-employment). Open Government Licence v3.0.
  - Median pay, 2025: £47,776. Source: ONS ASHE 2025 [23]. ONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (Table 14.7a): median gross annual pay for all employee jobs in SOC 2422 Finance and investment analysts and advisers, United Kingdom, 2025. Open Government Licence v3.0.
- **Australia** (ANZSCO 2223)
  - Employment, 2025: 61,700. Source: ABS Labour Force Survey [12]. ABS Labour Force Survey (Detailed), table EQ08: employed persons in ANZSCO 2223 Financial Investment Advisers and Managers, national (summed across sex and state/territory), annual average of 4 quarterly estimates.
  - Median pay, 2025: A$134,264. Source: ABS Employee Earnings May 2025 [24]. Annualised (x52) from A$2,582 median weekly earnings. ABS Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours, May 2025: median pay for full-time non-managerial employees paid at the adult rate, before tax. Surfaced via the Jobs and Skills Australia occupation profile.

### All 25 years of cited US data

| Year | US employment | Annual pay (median unless marked) | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1944 | 700 (estimate) | n/a | Est., CFA Institute History page [1] |
| 1963 | 284 (estimate) | $8,000 (estimate) | Est., CFA Institute [2] |
| 1990 | 200,000 (estimate) | $38,000 (estimate) | Est., BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook (employment) [3]; Est., Money / Time (pay) [14] |
| 2000 | 159,490 | $52,420 | BLS OEWS 2000 [4] |
| 2003 | 165,420 | $60,050 | BLS OEWS May 2003 [5] |
| 2004 | 177,780 | $61,910 | BLS OEWS May 2004 [5] |
| 2005 | 180,910 | $63,860 | BLS OEWS May 2005 [5] |
| 2006 | 196,960 | $66,590 | BLS OEWS May 2006 [5] |
| 2007 | 228,300 | $70,400 | BLS OEWS May 2007 [5] |
| 2008 | 236,720 | $73,150 | BLS OEWS May 2008 [5] |
| 2009 | 235,240 | $73,670 | BLS OEWS May 2009 [5] |
| 2010 | 220,810 | $74,350 | BLS OEWS May 2010 [5] |
| 2011 | 226,340 | $75,650 | BLS OEWS May 2011 [5] |
| 2012 | 239,810 | $76,950 | BLS OEWS May 2012 [5] |
| 2013 | 250,670 | $78,380 | BLS OEWS May 2013 [5] |
| 2014 | 262,610 | $78,620 | BLS OEWS May 2014 [5] |
| 2015 | 268,360 | $80,310 | BLS OEWS May 2015 [5] |
| 2016 | 281,610 | $81,760 | BLS OEWS May 2016 [5] |
| 2017 | 294,110 | $84,300 | BLS OEWS May 2017 [5] |
| 2018 | 306,200 | $85,660 | BLS OEWS May 2018 [5] |
| 2021 | 291,880 | $91,580 | BLS OEWS May 2021 [5] |
| 2022 | 291,370 | $95,080 | BLS OEWS May 2022 [5] |
| 2023 | 325,220 | $99,010 | BLS OEWS May 2023 [5] |
| 2024 | 340,580 | $101,350 | BLS OEWS May 2024 (employment) [5]; BLS OEWS May 2024 (pay) [17] |
| 2025 | 361,980 | $102,740 | BLS OEWS May 2025 [5] |

## Sources (113)

### Employment series

1. [CFA Institute History page -- NYSSA membership reached approximately 700 by end of 1944](https://www.cfainstitute.org/about/history), CFA Institute
2. [CFA Institute -- "CFA Institute Celebrates 60 Years of the CFA Program" (2023): 284 candidates in 1963 inaugural exam](https://www.cfainstitute.org/about/press-room/2023/60-years-cfa-program), CFA Institute
3. [BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook -- Financial Analysts (historical employment trajectory and profession overview)](https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/financial-analysts.htm), Bureau of Labor Statistics
4. [BLS OES 2000 national estimates (flat file)](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oes00nat.zip), Bureau of Labor Statistics
5. BLS OEWS, national cross-industry estimates (flat file), Bureau of Labor Statistics. Editions: [2003](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm03nat.zip), [2004](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm04nat.zip), [2005](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm05nat.zip), [2006](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm06nat.zip), [2007](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm07nat.zip), [2008](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm08nat.zip), [2009](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm09nat.zip), [2010](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm10nat.zip), [2011](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm11nat.zip), [2012](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm12nat.zip), [2013](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm13nat.zip), [2014](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm14nat.zip), [2015](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm15nat.zip), [2016](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm16nat.zip), [2017](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm17nat.zip), [2018](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm18nat.zip), [2021](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm21nat.zip), [2022](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm22nat.zip), [2023](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm23nat.zip), [2024](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm24nat.zip), [2025](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm25nat.zip)
6. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2006, Table 97-563-XCB2006069 (Wage and salary statistics by occupation, NOC-S 2006), income reference year 2005](https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&PID=96285), Statistics Canada
7. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2016, Table 98-400-X2016356 (Occupation by employment income statistics, NOC 2016), income reference year 2015](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/98-400-X2016356), Statistics Canada
8. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2021, Table 98-10-0586 (Employment income statistics by occupation unit group, NOC 2021), income reference year 2020](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810058601), Statistics Canada
9. ONS: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14.7a (Annual pay - Gross), 4-digit SOC 3534, United Kingdom. Office for National Statistics, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14. Licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0., Office for National Statistics. Editions: [2002](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2002/2002-table-14.zip), [2006](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2006consistentw_007methodology/2006-table-14.zip), [2010](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2010revised/2010-revised-table-14.zip), [2011](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2011revisedbasedonsoc2010/2011-revised-table-14.zip), [2015](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2015/table142015revised.zip), [2020](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2020revised/table142020revised.zip)
10. [ONS: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14.7a (Annual pay - Gross), 4-digit SOC 2422, United Kingdom, 2022. Office for National Statistics, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14. Licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2022revised/ashetable142022revised.zip), Office for National Statistics
11. [ONS: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14.7a (Annual pay - Gross), 4-digit SOC 2422, United Kingdom, 2025. Office for National Statistics, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14. Licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2025provisional/ashetable142025provisional.zip), Office for National Statistics
12. [ABS: Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, table EQ08 (Employed persons by Occupation unit group, ANZSCO 2013), latest release](https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/employment-and-unemployment/labour-force-australia-detailed/latest-release), Australian Bureau of Statistics

### Wage series

13. [CFA Institute -- 60 Years of the CFA Program (historical profession context; wage estimate from secondary era sources)](https://www.cfainstitute.org/about/press-room/2023/60-years-cfa-program), CFA Institute
14. [Money / Time -- "Wall Street Wage Gap: Banker Pay Doubles Since 1990" (compensation growth context)](https://money.com/wall-street-pay-wage-gap/), Money / Time
15. [BLS OES 2000 national estimates (flat file)](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oes00nat.zip), Bureau of Labor Statistics
16. BLS OEWS, national cross-industry estimates (flat file), Bureau of Labor Statistics. Editions: [2003](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm03nat.zip), [2004](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm04nat.zip), [2005](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm05nat.zip), [2006](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm06nat.zip), [2007](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm07nat.zip), [2008](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm08nat.zip), [2009](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm09nat.zip), [2010](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm10nat.zip), [2011](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm11nat.zip), [2012](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm12nat.zip), [2013](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm13nat.zip), [2014](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm14nat.zip), [2015](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm15nat.zip), [2016](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm16nat.zip), [2017](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm17nat.zip), [2018](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm18nat.zip), [2021](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm21nat.zip), [2022](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm22nat.zip), [2023](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm23nat.zip), [2025](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm25nat.zip)
17. [BLS OOH -- Financial Analysts median annual wage $101,350, May 2024; range $62,410 to $180,550+](https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/financial-analysts.htm), Bureau of Labor Statistics
18. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2006, Table 97-563-XCB2006069 (Wage and salary statistics by occupation, NOC-S 2006), income reference year 2005](https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&PID=96285), Statistics Canada
19. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2016, Table 98-400-X2016356 (Occupation by employment income statistics, NOC 2016), income reference year 2015](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/98-400-X2016356), Statistics Canada
20. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2021, Table 98-10-0586 (Employment income statistics by occupation unit group, NOC 2021), income reference year 2020](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810058601), Statistics Canada
21. ONS: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14.7a (Annual pay - Gross), 4-digit SOC 3534, United Kingdom. Office for National Statistics, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14. Licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0., Office for National Statistics. Editions: [2002](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2002/2002-table-14.zip), [2006](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2006consistentw_007methodology/2006-table-14.zip), [2010](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2010revised/2010-revised-table-14.zip), [2011](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2011revisedbasedonsoc2010/2011-revised-table-14.zip), [2015](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2015/table142015revised.zip), [2020](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2020revised/table142020revised.zip)
22. [ONS: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14.7a (Annual pay - Gross), 4-digit SOC 2422, United Kingdom, 2022. Office for National Statistics, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14. Licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2022revised/ashetable142022revised.zip), Office for National Statistics
23. [ONS: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14.7a (Annual pay - Gross), 4-digit SOC 2422, United Kingdom, 2025. Office for National Statistics, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14. Licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2025provisional/ashetable142025provisional.zip), Office for National Statistics
24. [Jobs and Skills Australia: Financial Investment Advisers and Managers (ABS Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours, May 2025)](https://www.jobsandskills.gov.au/data/occupation-and-industry-profiles/occupations/2223-financial-investment-advisers-and-managers), Jobs and Skills Australia / Australian Bureau of Statistics

### Tool eras

25. [Wikipedia -- Security Analysis (book): Benjamin Graham and David Dodd 1934 publication context](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Analysis_%28book%29), Wikipedia
26. [CFA Institute History -- NYSSA founded 1937, NFFAS formed 1947, profession history overview](https://www.cfainstitute.org/about/history), CFA Institute
27. [Wikipedia -- Quotron: first electronic stock quote delivery, founded 1960; Citicorp acquisition 1986](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotron), Wikipedia
28. [Firmex -- "Financial Modeling Back in the Day: A Brief History of the Spreadsheet" (VisiCalc, Lotus 1-2-3 history)](https://www.firmex.com/resources/blog/financial-modeling-history-spreadsheet/), Firmex
29. [Wikipedia -- Lotus 1-2-3: January 26, 1983 launch, $53M first-year revenues, Wall Street spreadsheet capitalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_1-2-3), Wikipedia
30. [Wikipedia -- Bloomberg Terminal: Michael Bloomberg founding 1981-82, Merrill Lynch deal, market dominance history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_Terminal), Wikipedia
31. [Johns Hopkins Magazine -- "What Makes Mike Bloomberg So Smart?" (Bloomberg founding story and Terminal history)](https://pages.jh.edu/jhumag/1196web/bloombrg.html), Johns Hopkins Magazine
32. [Institutional Investor -- "Back to Basics: Regulation Fair Disclosure" (Reg FD adoption, effect on analyst information access)](https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/2btfmc4i914x7py0c5q80/portfolio/back-to-basics-regulation-fair-disclosure), Institutional Investor
33. [Washington Post -- "The Era of the Superstar Analyst May Be Over" (2002; senior analyst pay fell 50% post-settlement)](https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2002/05/22/the-era-of-the-superstar-analyst-may-be-over/c7bdb703-d389-44ea-a584-015416a3fbd7/), Washington Post
34. [CFA Institute Market Integrity Insights -- "MiFID II Research Unbundling: A Survey Yielding Mixed Results" (2019)](https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/marketintegrity/2019/03/20/mifid-ii-research-unbundling-a-survey-yielding-mixed-results/), CFA Institute
35. [Training The Street -- "The State of AI in Finance: 2025 Global Outlook" (Goldman GS AI Assistant, Morgan Stanley AI Debrief savings)](https://trainingthestreet.com/the-state-of-ai-in-finance-2025-global-outlook/), Training The Street
36. [Citigroup / PYMNTS -- "Citi: AI Will Impact Finance Sector Job Market the Most" (2024; 54% high automation potential)](https://www.pymnts.com/personnel/2024/citi-ai-will-impact-finance-sector-job-market-the-most/), Citigroup / PYMNTS
37. [BLS OOH -- Financial Analysts 2024-2034 projections (6% growth, faster than average)](https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/financial-analysts.htm), Bureau of Labor Statistics

### Forecasts and exposure studies

38. [BLS Employment Projections 2025-35, National Employment Matrix: 13-2051 Financial and investment analysts (2025: 377.2 thousand; 2035: 404.3 thousand; +7.2%)](https://data.bls.gov/projections/nationalMatrix?queryParams=13-2051&ioType=o), Bureau of Labor Statistics
39. [Eloundou, Manning, Mishkin & Rock (2023), "GPTs are GPTs", occupation-level exposure data occ\_level.csv (O\*NET-SOC 13-2051.00, human-rated β 0.5)](https://github.com/openai/GPTs-are-GPTs/blob/main/data/occ_level.csv), OpenAI

### Historical notes

40. [Wikipedia -- Security Analysis (book): 1934 publication, Graham-Dodd foundational text of investment analysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Analysis_%28book%29), Wikipedia
41. [CFA Institute -- History: NFFAS founding June 11, 1947 (Boston, Chicago, New York, Philadelphia societies)](https://www.cfainstitute.org/about/history), CFA Institute
42. [CFA Institute -- "CFA Institute Celebrates 60 Years of the CFA Program" (1963 inaugural exam details)](https://www.cfainstitute.org/about/press-room/2023/60-years-cfa-program), CFA Institute
43. [Bloomberg Terminal -- Wikipedia (founding history, Merrill Lynch deal, market dominance)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_Terminal), Wikipedia
44. [Institutional Investor -- "Back to Basics: Regulation Fair Disclosure" (Reg FD history and impact on sell-side analyst information access)](https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/2btfmc4i914x7py0c5q80/portfolio/back-to-basics-regulation-fair-disclosure), Institutional Investor
45. [Washington Post -- "The Era of the Superstar Analyst May Be Over" (May 2002; senior analyst pay fell 50%)](https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2002/05/22/the-era-of-the-superstar-analyst-may-be-over/c7bdb703-d389-44ea-a584-015416a3fbd7/), Washington Post
46. [CFA Institute Market Integrity Insights -- "MiFID II Research Unbundling: A Survey Yielding Mixed Results" (March 2019)](https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/marketintegrity/2019/03/20/mifid-ii-research-unbundling-a-survey-yielding-mixed-results/), CFA Institute
47. [CNBC -- "Goldman Sachs rolls out GS AI Assistant to 46,500+ employees" (January 2025)](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/01/21/goldman-sachs-launches-ai-assistant.html), CNBC

### Predecessors & successors

48. [Wikipedia -- Security Analysis (book): Graham-Dodd separated the analyst role from broker execution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Analysis_%28book%29), Wikipedia
49. [CFA Institute History -- NFFAS societies drew from bank trust departments and insurance company analysts](https://www.cfainstitute.org/about/history), CFA Institute

### Present-day analysis

- [Eloundou et al. 2024 — GPTs are GPTs (Science)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10130), accessed 2026-05-23
- [O\*NET 30.3 — Financial and Investment Analysts (13-2051.00)](https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/13-2051.00), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Citigroup — AI in Finance: Bot, Bank & Beyond (2024)](https://www.pymnts.com/personnel/2024/citi-ai-will-impact-finance-sector-job-market-the-most/), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Training The Street — The State of AI in Finance: 2025 Global Outlook](https://trainingthestreet.com/the-state-of-ai-in-finance-2025-global-outlook/), accessed 2026-05-23
- [CFA Institute — AI in Asset Management: Tools, Applications, and Frontiers (2025)](https://www.cfainstitute.org/about/press-room/2025/ai-in-asset-management-report-2025), accessed 2026-05-23
- [CFA Institute Enterprising Investor — AI in Finance: Changing Workflows, Growing Demand for Human Judgment (2026)](https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/blogs/enterprising-investor/2026/ai-in-finance-changing-workflows-growing-demand-for-human-judgment), accessed 2026-05-23
- [BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook — Financial Analysts (2024–2034)](https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/financial-analysts.htm), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Integrity Research — The AI Revolution in Investment Research (2025)](https://www.integrity-research.com/the-ai-revolution-in-investment-research-how-artificial-intelligence-is-reshaping-the-research-analysts-job/), accessed 2026-05-23
- [LinkedIn Skills on the Rise 2026 — AI skills carry 56% wage premium](https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/24/the-fastest-growing-skills-in-the-us-according-to-linkedin-theyre-career-currency.html), accessed 2026-05-23
- [AlphaSense — Generative AI for Earnings Analysis: Smart Summaries](https://www.alpha-sense.com/blog/product/smart-summaries-earnings-analysis/), accessed 2026-05-23
- [AlphaSense — Top 5 Product Releases 2025 (Financial Data + Generative Grid)](https://www.alpha-sense.com/resources/product-articles/product-releases-2025/), accessed 2026-05-23
- [AlphaSense — Generative AI for Investment Research (Jan 2026 Generative Search launch)](https://www.alpha-sense.com/solutions/generative-ai-investment-research/), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Hebbia — How Hedge Funds Use Hebbia (2025)](https://www.hebbia.com/blog/how-hedge-funds-use-hebbia), accessed 2026-05-23
- [AlphaSense — Financial Data: Structured + Qualitative Intelligence in One Platform (Oct 2025)](https://www.alpha-sense.com/press/alphasense-launches-financial-data/), accessed 2026-05-23
- [FactSet — Mercury AI: Conversational Market Intelligence](https://blog.publicview.ai/ai-tools-for-financial-analysis), accessed 2026-05-23

How to read these figures: https://futurehistory.earth/methodology. Every figure links to its own source; gaps stay gaps.