# Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary

US SOC code 25-1071. Markdown version of https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/25-1071

Also called: Health sciences professor, Medical school professor, Nursing professor, Pharmacy professor, Dental school faculty.

## In brief

In May 2025, [BLS](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm25nat.zip) counted **221,270** US postsecondary health specialties teachers, with median pay of **$107,310** a year. Of the BLS counts since 2003, the highest was **229,720**, in May 2024, close to the May 2025 count. The earliest figure here is [an estimate](https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/medical-education) of **3,500** from 1945, not measured the same way as today's count. The last full technology era for postsecondary health specialties teachers: High-fidelity simulation + virtual patient platforms, 2010 to 2022.

## What the sources say

### Official outlook

BLS projects employment to grow 17.9% from 2025 to 2035. Source: [BLS Employment Projections 2025-35](https://data.bls.gov/projections/nationalMatrix?queryParams=25-1071&ioType=o).

### AI exposure studies

- **38.8%** of this job's tasks are exposed to large language models. Not a forecast of job losses. [Eloundou and others, 2023](https://github.com/openai/GPTs-are-GPTs/blob/main/data/occ_level.csv)

Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35. BLS publishes these counts as yearly survey snapshots and cautions against reading them as a precise trend. In May 2021 BLS changed how it estimates these counts (a model-based method using three years of survey data) and moved fully to the 2018 occupation codes, so part of a change across 2021 can come from the method rather than the work.

## Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary employment and pay by year

- On record since: 1765
- Latest US employment: 221,270 (May 2025). Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 [2]
- Latest US median pay: $107,310 (May 2025). Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 [5]
- Outlook: +17.9% by 2035. Source: BLS Employment Projections 2025-35 [21]

### All 27 years of cited US data

| Year | US employment | Annual pay (median unless marked) | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1945 | 3,500 (estimate) | n/a | Est., Encyclopedia.com [1] |
| 1965 | 17,000 (estimate) | $12,000 (estimate) | Est., Encyclopedia.com (employment) [1]; Est., US Census Bureau (pay) [3] |
| 1990 | 85,000 (estimate) | n/a | Est., Encyclopedia.com [1] |
| 2000 | n/a | $68,000 (estimate) | Est., BLS OOH [4] |
| 2003 | 88,130 | $61,790 | BLS OEWS May 2003 [2] |
| 2004 | 105,610 | $64,630 | BLS OEWS May 2004 [2] |
| 2005 | 108,680 | $70,890 | BLS OEWS May 2005 [2] |
| 2006 | 116,370 | $77,190 | BLS OEWS May 2006 [2] |
| 2007 | 114,070 | $80,700 | BLS OEWS May 2007 [2] |
| 2008 | 125,100 | $84,390 | BLS OEWS May 2008 [2] |
| 2009 | 133,070 | $84,840 | BLS OEWS May 2009 [2] |
| 2010 | 144,780 | $85,270 | BLS OEWS May 2010 [2] |
| 2011 | 153,430 | $79,860 | BLS OEWS May 2011 [2] |
| 2012 | 152,130 | $81,140 | BLS OEWS May 2012 [2] |
| 2013 | 163,850 | $85,030 | BLS OEWS May 2013 [2] |
| 2014 | 168,090 | $90,210 | BLS OEWS May 2014 [2] |
| 2015 | 178,900 | $90,840 | BLS OEWS May 2015 [2] |
| 2016 | 186,740 | $99,360 | BLS OEWS May 2016 [2] |
| 2017 | 194,610 | $97,870 | BLS OEWS May 2017 [2] |
| 2018 | 199,480 | $97,370 | BLS OEWS May 2018 [2] |
| 2019 | 201,920 | $97,320 | BLS OEWS May 2019 [2] |
| 2020 | 200,040 | $99,090 | BLS OEWS May 2020 [2] |
| 2021 | 191,830 | $102,720 | BLS OEWS May 2021 [2] |
| 2022 | 207,700 | $100,300 | BLS OEWS May 2022 [2] |
| 2023 | 225,360 | $105,650 | BLS OEWS May 2023 [2] |
| 2024 | 229,720 | $105,620 | BLS OEWS May 2024 [2] |
| 2025 | 221,270 | $107,310 | BLS OEWS May 2025 [2] |

## Sources (88)

### Employment series

1. [Encyclopedia.com — Medical Education (US history): full-time faculty 3,500 in 1945, 17,000 in 1965](https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/medical-education), Encyclopedia.com
2. BLS OEWS, national cross-industry estimates (flat file), Bureau of Labor Statistics. Editions: [2003](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm03nat.zip), [2004](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm04nat.zip), [2005](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm05nat.zip), [2006](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm06nat.zip), [2007](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm07nat.zip), [2008](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm08nat.zip), [2009](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm09nat.zip), [2010](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm10nat.zip), [2011](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm11nat.zip), [2012](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm12nat.zip), [2013](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm13nat.zip), [2014](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm14nat.zip), [2015](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm15nat.zip), [2016](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm16nat.zip), [2017](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm17nat.zip), [2018](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm18nat.zip), [2019](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm19nat.zip), [2020](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm20nat.zip), [2021](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm21nat.zip), [2022](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm22nat.zip), [2023](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm23nat.zip), [2024](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm24nat.zip), [2025](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm25nat.zip)

### Wage series

3. [US Census Bureau — Historical Income Tables: Households, Table H-6 (median household income $6,882 in 1965); medical faculty salary estimated at ~1.7x median household](https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-income-households.html), US Census Bureau
4. [BLS OOH — Postsecondary Teachers historical reference: median earnings for health specialties faculty circa 2000 estimated from salary survey context](https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/postsecondary-teachers.htm), Bureau of Labor Statistics
5. BLS OEWS, national cross-industry estimates (flat file), Bureau of Labor Statistics. Editions: [2003](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm03nat.zip), [2004](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm04nat.zip), [2005](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm05nat.zip), [2006](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm06nat.zip), [2007](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm07nat.zip), [2008](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm08nat.zip), [2009](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm09nat.zip), [2010](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm10nat.zip), [2011](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm11nat.zip), [2012](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm12nat.zip), [2013](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm13nat.zip), [2014](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm14nat.zip), [2015](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm15nat.zip), [2016](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm16nat.zip), [2017](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm17nat.zip), [2018](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm18nat.zip), [2019](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm19nat.zip), [2020](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm20nat.zip), [2021](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm21nat.zip), [2022](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm22nat.zip), [2023](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm23nat.zip), [2025](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm25nat.zip)
6. [BLS OEWS May 2024, national cross-industry estimates (flat file)](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm24nat.zip), U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

### Tool eras

7. [Medical Education in the 19th Century — National Museum of Civil War Medicine](https://www.civilwarmed.org/medical-education-in-the-19th-century/), National Museum of Civil War Medicine
8. [Encyclopedia.com — Medical Education (US history): proprietary school era description](https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/medical-education), Encyclopedia.com
9. [Flexner Report — Wikipedia: background, publication, and impact on US medical schools 1910-1935](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexner_Report), Wikipedia
10. [Wikipedia — William Osler: physician-in-chief at Johns Hopkins 1889-1905, bedside teaching and clinical clerkship innovation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler), Wikipedia
11. [JSTOR Daily — "The 1910 Report That Disadvantaged Minority Doctors" (Flexner Report impact and school closures)](https://daily.jstor.org/the-1910-report-that-unintentionally-disadvantaged-minority-doctors/), JSTOR Daily
12. [AAMC — "The Changing Demographics of Full-time US Medical School Faculty, 1966-2009" (faculty growth context)](https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/analysis-brief/report/changing-demographics-full-time-us-medical-school-faculty-1966-2009), Association of American Medical Colleges
13. [Revolution in American Medicine — Johns Hopkins Medicine (history of clinical education innovations)](https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/about/history/medical-innovation/revolution-in-american-medicine), Johns Hopkins Medicine
14. [LCME — "Looking Back and Moving Forward: 75 Years of the LCME" (AAMC): faculty accountability for clinical competency assessment standards](https://www.aamc.org/news/viewpoints/looking-back-and-moving-forward-75-years-lcme), Association of American Medical Colleges
15. [ExamSoft — Digital assessment and analytics for health professions schools: OSCE checklist, item analytics, inter-rater reliability reporting](https://examsoft.com/), ExamSoft
16. [AAMC — Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: Guidance for Faculty (2025)](https://www.aamc.org/media/75316/download), Association of American Medical Colleges
17. [Aquifer — AI-augmented virtual patient cases for clinical reasoning education (medicine, surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry)](https://www.aquifer.education/), Aquifer
18. [Osso VR — VR surgical and procedural simulation: deployed at 100+ health systems and medical schools](https://www.ossovr.com/), Osso VR
19. [NEJM AI — Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education (2024): formative assessment creation 40-60% time reduction with AI tools](https://ai.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/AIra2400022), New England Journal of Medicine AI
20. [Glass Health — AI clinical reasoning tool: differential diagnosis and workup generation from brief patient summaries](https://glass.health/), Glass Health

### Forecasts and exposure studies

21. [BLS Employment Projections 2025-35, National Employment Matrix: 25-1071 Health specialties teachers, postsecondary (2025: 278.4 thousand; 2035: 328.3 thousand; +17.9%)](https://data.bls.gov/projections/nationalMatrix?queryParams=25-1071&ioType=o), Bureau of Labor Statistics
22. [Eloundou, Manning, Mishkin & Rock (2023), "GPTs are GPTs", occupation-level exposure data occ\_level.csv (O\*NET-SOC 25-1071.00, human-rated β 0.388)](https://github.com/openai/GPTs-are-GPTs/blob/main/data/occ_level.csv), OpenAI

### Historical notes

23. [The Lancet — "The first American medical school: the formative years" (University of Pennsylvania, 1765)](https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2815%2960950-3/fulltext), The Lancet
24. [A History of Medical Education in the US — AMO Opportunities blog: AMA founding 1847 and educational standards](https://blog.amopportunities.org/2020/07/08/a-history-of-u-s-medical-education-and-organizations/), AMO Opportunities
25. [Wikipedia — William Osler: physician-in-chief and professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins Medical School 1889-1905](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Osler), Wikipedia
26. [Wikipedia — Flexner Report: 1910 publication, Carnegie Foundation, impact on US medical schools 1910-1935](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexner_Report), Wikipedia
27. [AAMC — "Looking Back and Moving Forward: 75 Years of the LCME": founding in 1942, AAMC-AMA partnership](https://www.aamc.org/news/viewpoints/looking-back-and-moving-forward-75-years-lcme), Association of American Medical Colleges
28. [JFK Library — "Remarks Upon Signing the Health Professions Educational Assistance Act" (September 24, 1963)](https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-upon-signing-the-health-professions-educational-assistance-act), American Presidency Project
29. [Encyclopedia.com — Medical Education (US history): Medicare-Medicaid passage 1965 and clinical faculty expansion to 85,000 by 1990](https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/medical-education), Encyclopedia.com
30. [LCME — Standards for Accreditation of Medical Education Programs (2024-2025): OSCE and clinical competency assessment as faculty-accountable requirements](https://lcme.org/publications/), Liaison Committee on Medical Education
31. [AAMC Faculty Salary Report FY2024: 134,804 full-time faculty at LCME-accredited schools; AAMC AI guidance document (2025)](https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/faculty-institutions/report/faculty-roster-us-medical-school-faculty), Association of American Medical Colleges

### Predecessors & successors

32. [Encyclopedia.com — Medical Education: proprietary school era; physicians lectured for tuition fees](https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/medical-education), Encyclopedia.com
33. [AAMC — Faculty Roster: US Medical School Faculty (most academic physician faculty enter from residency or fellowship training)](https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/faculty-institutions/report/faculty-roster-us-medical-school-faculty), Association of American Medical Colleges
34. [O\*NET 25-1071.00 — Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary: typical entry path from clinical practice](https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/25-1071.00), O\*NET / BLS

### Present-day analysis

- [O\*NET 30.3 — Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1071.00)](https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/25-1071.00), accessed 2026-05-24
- [Eloundou et al. 2024 — GPTs are GPTs (Science)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10130), accessed 2026-05-24
- [AAMC — Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: Guidance for Faculty (2025)](https://www.aamc.org/media/75316/download), accessed 2026-05-24
- [NEJM AI — Generative Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education (2024): formative assessment creation 40-60% time reduction; curriculum update burden as key AI use case](https://ai.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/AIra2400022), accessed 2026-05-24
- [BLS OES 2024 — Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary (25-1071): median annual wage $99,390; ~145,000 employed; +7% projected growth 2024-2034](https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/postsecondary-teachers.htm), accessed 2026-05-24
- [LCME — Standards for Accreditation of Medical Education Programs (2024-2025): faculty accountability requirements for curriculum and assessment](https://lcme.org/publications/), accessed 2026-05-24
- [ACGME — Common Program Requirements: faculty supervision and competency-based assessment standards for GME](https://www.acgme.org/what-we-do/accreditation/common-program-requirements/), accessed 2026-06-22
- [BoardVitals — AI-powered question generation for USMLE, NCLEX, NAPLEX, and specialty board prep (2025 product documentation)](https://www.boardvitals.com/), accessed 2026-05-24
- [Osmosis (Elsevier) — AI-powered medical education question writing and adaptive learning platform](https://www.osmosis.org/), accessed 2026-05-24
- [Elicit — AI research assistant: automated extraction of outcomes, populations, and effect sizes from PubMed papers for systematic literature review (2025)](https://elicit.com/), accessed 2026-05-24
- [Consensus — AI search engine for peer-reviewed research: evidence synthesis across millions of papers with confidence ratings (2025)](https://consensus.app/), accessed 2026-05-24

How to read these figures: https://futurehistory.earth/methodology. Every figure links to its own source; gaps stay gaps.