# Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

US SOC code 43-6011. Markdown version of https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/43-6011

Also called: Executive assistant, EA, Executive administrative assistant, Executive secretary, C-suite assistant.

## In brief

In May 2025, [BLS](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm25nat.zip) counted **459,910** US executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants, with median pay of **$76,590** a year. Of the BLS counts since 2012, the highest was **803,040**, in May 2012. The earliest figure here is [an estimate](https://temple.manifoldapp.org/read/untitled-a3dba793-4797-49f5-bcd7-2d03fccbc425/section/a69a8a8b-1b3c-4ed4-a2eb-6a9f80eed4f7) of **112,000** from 1900, not measured the same way as today's count. The last full technology era in this work: Smartphone + cloud calendar, 2007 to 2020.

## What the sources say

### Official outlook

BLS projects little or no change in employment from 2025 to 2035 (0%). Source: [BLS Employment Projections 2025-35](https://data.bls.gov/projections/nationalMatrix?queryParams=43-6011&ioType=o).

### AI exposure studies

- **74.3%** of this job's tasks are exposed to large language models. Not a forecast of job losses. [Eloundou and others, 2023](https://github.com/openai/GPTs-are-GPTs/blob/main/data/occ_level.csv)

Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35. BLS publishes these counts as yearly survey snapshots and cautions against reading them as a precise trend. In May 2021 BLS changed how it estimates these counts (a model-based method using three years of survey data) and moved fully to the 2018 occupation codes, so part of a change across 2021 can come from the method rather than the work.

## Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants employment and pay by year

- On record since: 1789
- Latest US employment: 459,910 (May 2025). Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 [5]
- Latest US median pay: $76,590 (May 2025). Source: BLS OEWS May 2025 [13]
- Outlook: +0% by 2035. Source: BLS Employment Projections 2025-35 [30]

### In other countries

The latest figure each country's statistics agency publishes for this job. Each uses its own occupation definition, survey basis and currency, so the numbers are not directly comparable with each other or with the US figures.

- **Canada** (NOC 12100)
  - Employment, 2020: 48,125. Source: Statistics Canada Census 2021 [8]. Statistics Canada Census of Population 2021: number of persons with employment income in NOC 12100 Executive assistants, Canada, reference year 2020. A recipients basis (anyone with employment income during the year), slightly broader than a point-in-time employed count. Statistics Canada Open Licence.
  - Median pay, 2020: C$66,500. Source: Statistics Canada Census 2021 [17]. Statistics Canada Census of Population 2021 (Table 98-10-0586): median employment income for NOC 12100 Executive assistants, Canada, reference year 2020, full-year full-time workers (the basis comparable to the US OEWS full-time median). Statistics Canada Open Licence.
- **United Kingdom** (UK SOC 4215)
  - Employment, 2025: 164,000. Source: ONS ASHE 2025 [9]. ONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (Table 14): employee jobs in SOC 4215 Personal assistants and other secretaries, United Kingdom, 2025 (ASHE "number of jobs", thousands x1000; excludes self-employment). Open Government Licence v3.0.
  - Median pay, 2025: £25,233. Source: ONS ASHE 2025 [18]. ONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (Table 14.7a): median gross annual pay for all employee jobs in SOC 4215 Personal assistants and other secretaries, United Kingdom, 2025. Open Government Licence v3.0.
- **Australia** (ANZSCO 5211)
  - Employment, 2025: 45,400. Source: ABS Labour Force Survey [10]. ABS Labour Force Survey (Detailed), table EQ08: employed persons in ANZSCO 5211 Personal Assistants, national (summed across sex and state/territory), annual average of 4 quarterly estimates.
  - Median pay, 2025: A$95,264. Source: ABS Employee Earnings May 2025 [19]. Annualised (x52) from A$1,832 median weekly earnings. ABS Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours, May 2025: median pay for full-time non-managerial employees paid at the adult rate, before tax. Surfaced via the Jobs and Skills Australia occupation profile.

### All 30 years of cited US data

| Year | US employment | Annual pay (median unless marked) | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 112,000 (estimate) | n/a | Est., Strom [1] |
| 1920 | 615,000 (estimate) | n/a | Est., Strom [1] |
| 1942 | 900,000 (estimate) | n/a | Est., Wikipedia / IAAP history [2] |
| 1970 | n/a | $7,200 | BLS historical bulletin June 1970 [11] |
| 1971 | 1,800,000 (estimate) | n/a | Est., Forked Lightning [3] |
| 1984 | 2,200,000 (estimate) | n/a | Est., Forked Lightning [3] |
| 2000 | 1,515,000 | $31,090 | Census (IPUMS) 2000 (employment) [4]; BLS OEWS 2000 (pay) [12] |
| 2003 | 1,418,640 | $34,080 | BLS OEWS May 2003 [5] |
| 2004 | 1,422,610 | $34,970 | BLS OEWS May 2004 [5] |
| 2005 | 1,442,040 | $35,960 | BLS OEWS May 2005 [5] |
| 2006 | 1,487,310 | $37,240 | BLS OEWS May 2006 [5] |
| 2007 | 1,517,410 | $38,640 | BLS OEWS May 2007 [5] |
| 2008 | 1,491,520 | $40,030 | BLS OEWS May 2008 [5] |
| 2009 | 1,361,170 | $41,650 | BLS OEWS May 2009 [5] |
| 2010 | 1,132,070 | $43,520 | BLS OEWS May 2010 [5] |
| 2011 | 952,030 | $45,580 | BLS OEWS May 2011 [5] |
| 2012 | 803,040 | $47,500 | BLS OEWS May 2012 [5] |
| 2013 | 755,210 | $49,290 | BLS OEWS May 2013 [5] |
| 2014 | 713,730 | $51,270 | BLS OEWS May 2014 [5] |
| 2015 | 666,490 | $53,370 | BLS OEWS May 2015 [5] |
| 2016 | 631,610 | $55,860 | BLS OEWS May 2016 [5] |
| 2017 | 596,080 | $57,410 | BLS OEWS May 2017 [5] |
| 2018 | 570,530 | $59,340 | BLS OEWS May 2018 [5] |
| 2019 | 542,690 | $60,890 | BLS OEWS May 2019 [5] |
| 2020 | 503,390 | $63,110 | BLS OEWS May 2020 [5] |
| 2021 | 466,910 | $62,060 | BLS OEWS May 2021 [5] |
| 2022 | 475,240 | $65,980 | BLS OEWS May 2022 [5] |
| 2023 | 483,570 | $70,310 | BLS OEWS May 2023 [5] |
| 2024 | 472,770 | $74,260 | BLS OEWS May 2024 [5] |
| 2025 | 459,910 | $76,590 | BLS OEWS May 2025 [5] |

## Sources (109)

### Employment series

1. [Strom, Sharon Hartman, "Beyond the Typewriter: Gender, Class, and the Origins of Modern American Office Work, 1900-1930" (Temple University Press, open-access) — historical census stenographer/typist occupational counts reported therein](https://temple.manifoldapp.org/read/untitled-a3dba793-4797-49f5-bcd7-2d03fccbc425/section/a69a8a8b-1b3c-4ed4-a2eb-6a9f80eed4f7), Temple University Press (scholarly)
2. [International Association of Administrative Professionals -- "History of IAAP" (National Secretaries Association founded 1942; background on the profession's formalization)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Administrative_Professionals), Wikipedia / IAAP history
3. [Forked Lightning -- "The Past, Present, and Future of Office Work": historian's estimate that ~1/3 of working women were secretaries c.1971 (~1.8M secretaries, derived/secondary)](https://forklightning.substack.com/p/the-past-present-and-future-of-office), Forked Lightning (Substack), citing office-work historian
4. [IPUMS USA, 2000 Census microdata (Minnesota Population Center): 1,515,653 secretaries (6.2% of the employed workforce)](https://usa.ipums.org/usa/volii/occ2000.shtml), IPUMS USA / Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota
5. BLS OEWS, national cross-industry estimates (flat file), Bureau of Labor Statistics. Editions: [2003](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm03nat.zip), [2004](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm04nat.zip), [2005](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm05nat.zip), [2006](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm06nat.zip), [2007](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm07nat.zip), [2008](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm08nat.zip), [2009](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm09nat.zip), [2010](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm10nat.zip), [2011](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm11nat.zip), [2012](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm12nat.zip), [2013](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm13nat.zip), [2014](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm14nat.zip), [2015](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm15nat.zip), [2016](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm16nat.zip), [2017](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm17nat.zip), [2018](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm18nat.zip), [2019](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm19nat.zip), [2020](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm20nat.zip), [2021](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm21nat.zip), [2022](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm22nat.zip), [2023](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm23nat.zip), [2024](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm24nat.zip), [2025](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm25nat.zip)
6. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2006, Table 97-563-XCB2006069 (Wage and salary statistics by occupation, NOC-S 2006), income reference year 2005](https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&PID=96285), Statistics Canada
7. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2016, Table 98-400-X2016356 (Occupation by employment income statistics, NOC 2016), income reference year 2015](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/98-400-X2016356), Statistics Canada
8. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2021, Table 98-10-0586 (Employment income statistics by occupation unit group, NOC 2021), income reference year 2020](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810058601), Statistics Canada
9. ONS: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14.7a (Annual pay - Gross), 4-digit SOC 4215, United Kingdom. Office for National Statistics, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14. Licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0., Office for National Statistics. Editions: [2002](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2002/2002-table-14.zip), [2006](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2006consistentw_007methodology/2006-table-14.zip), [2010](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2010revised/2010-revised-table-14.zip), [2011](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2011revisedbasedonsoc2010/2011-revised-table-14.zip), [2015](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2015/table142015revised.zip), [2020](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2020revised/table142020revised.zip), [2022](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2022revised/ashetable142022revised.zip), [2025](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2025provisional/ashetable142025provisional.zip)
10. [ABS: Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, table EQ08 (Employed persons by Occupation unit group, ANZSCO 2013), latest release](https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/employment-and-unemployment/labour-force-australia-detailed/latest-release), Australian Bureau of Statistics

### Wage series

11. [BLS -- "National Survey of Professional, Administrative, Technical and Clerical Pay -- June 1970" (clerical occupation wage schedule)](https://www.bls.gov/ocs/publications/pdf/national-survey-of-professional-administrative-technical-and-clerical-pay-june-1970.pdf), Bureau of Labor Statistics
12. [BLS OES 2000 national estimates (flat file)](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oes00nat.zip), Bureau of Labor Statistics
13. BLS OEWS, national cross-industry estimates (flat file), Bureau of Labor Statistics. Editions: [2003](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm03nat.zip), [2004](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm04nat.zip), [2005](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm05nat.zip), [2006](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm06nat.zip), [2007](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm07nat.zip), [2008](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm08nat.zip), [2009](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm09nat.zip), [2010](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm10nat.zip), [2011](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm11nat.zip), [2012](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm12nat.zip), [2013](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm13nat.zip), [2014](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm14nat.zip), [2015](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm15nat.zip), [2016](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm16nat.zip), [2017](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm17nat.zip), [2018](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm18nat.zip), [2019](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm19nat.zip), [2020](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm20nat.zip), [2021](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm21nat.zip), [2022](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm22nat.zip), [2023](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm23nat.zip), [2025](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm25nat.zip)
14. [BLS OEWS May 2024, national cross-industry estimates (flat file)](https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm24nat.zip), U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
15. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2006, Table 97-563-XCB2006069 (Wage and salary statistics by occupation, NOC-S 2006), income reference year 2005](https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&PID=96285), Statistics Canada
16. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2016, Table 98-400-X2016356 (Occupation by employment income statistics, NOC 2016), income reference year 2015](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/98-400-X2016356), Statistics Canada
17. [Statistics Canada, Census of Population 2021, Table 98-10-0586 (Employment income statistics by occupation unit group, NOC 2021), income reference year 2020](https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810058601), Statistics Canada
18. ONS: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14.7a (Annual pay - Gross), 4-digit SOC 4215, United Kingdom. Office for National Statistics, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, Table 14. Licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0., Office for National Statistics. Editions: [2002](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2002/2002-table-14.zip), [2006](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2006consistentw_007methodology/2006-table-14.zip), [2010](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2010revised/2010-revised-table-14.zip), [2011](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2011revisedbasedonsoc2010/2011-revised-table-14.zip), [2015](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2015/table142015revised.zip), [2020](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2020revised/table142020revised.zip), [2022](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2022revised/ashetable142022revised.zip), [2025](https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/datasets/occupation4digitsoc2010ashetable14/2025provisional/ashetable142025provisional.zip)
19. [Jobs and Skills Australia: Personal Assistants (ABS Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours, May 2025)](https://www.jobsandskills.gov.au/data/occupation-and-industry-profiles/occupations/5211-personal-assistants), Jobs and Skills Australia / Australian Bureau of Statistics

### Tool eras

20. [Tech Savvy Assistant -- "From Secretaries to Executive Assistants: The Evolution of the Administrative Field" (history of the role from Renaissance to present)](https://www.techsavvyassistant.com/blog/secretaries-executive-assistants-evolution-administrative-field), Tech Savvy Assistant
21. [Strom -- "Woman's Place is at the Typewriter" (Temple University Press): census data on feminization of stenographers/typists 1870-1930](https://temple.manifoldapp.org/read/untitled-a3dba793-4797-49f5-bcd7-2d03fccbc425/section/a69a8a8b-1b3c-4ed4-a2eb-6a9f80eed4f7), Temple University Press
22. [IBM -- history of the Selectric typewriter (IBM Selectric introduced July 1961; golf-ball element; market dominance)](https://www.ibm.com/history/profs-networked-business), IBM
23. [Smithsonian Institution -- IBM 6580 "Displaywriter" Word Processor (announced June 17, 1980; artifact in Smithsonian collections)](https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object/nmah_1289565), Smithsonian National Museum of American History
24. [Wikipedia -- IBM Displaywriter System (announced June 1980; 200,000 units in first two years; displaced by PCs by 1986)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Displaywriter_System), Wikipedia
25. [Forked Lightning -- "The Past, Present, and Future of Office Work" (peak 12.7% of workforce 1980; decline to 6.8% by 2022)](https://forklightning.substack.com/p/the-past-present-and-future-of-office), Forked Lightning (Substack)
26. [Hackaday -- "PROFS: The Office Suite of the 1980s" (IBM PROFS, networked email and calendar for executive teams; 1M+ users by late 1980s)](https://hackaday.com/2026/02/11/profs-the-office-suite-of-the-1980s/), Hackaday
27. [Wikipedia -- iPhone (first generation released June 29, 2007; transformed mobile communication and calendar management)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone), Wikipedia
28. [Vimcal -- 2026 Report on the Administrative and Executive Assistant Profession (600 EAs surveyed; 86% see AI as enhancement; 70% use ChatGPT)](https://www.vimcal.com/ea/2026-report), Vimcal
29. [WEF Future of Jobs Report 2025 -- administrative assistants and executive secretaries among largest declining occupational groups by 2030](https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025/), World Economic Forum

### Forecasts and exposure studies

30. [BLS Employment Projections 2025-35, National Employment Matrix: 43-6011 Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants (2025: 489.3 thousand; 2035: 489.2 thousand; 0.0%)](https://data.bls.gov/projections/nationalMatrix?queryParams=43-6011&ioType=o), Bureau of Labor Statistics
31. [Eloundou, Manning, Mishkin & Rock (2023), "GPTs are GPTs", occupation-level exposure data occ\_level.csv (O\*NET-SOC 43-6011.00, human-rated β 0.743)](https://github.com/openai/GPTs-are-GPTs/blob/main/data/occ_level.csv), OpenAI

### Historical notes

32. [Tech Savvy Assistant -- "Evolution of the Administrative Field" (Pitman shorthand school 1870; 150+ commercial schools by 1871)](https://www.techsavvyassistant.com/blog/secretaries-executive-assistants-evolution-administrative-field), Tech Savvy Assistant
33. [Marketplace -- "How the typewriter propelled women into the office" (1880 census: 154 stenographers/typists; 1900: 100,000+)](https://www.marketplace.org/story/2021/11/24/how-the-typewriter-propelled-women-into-the-office), Marketplace / APM
34. [Wikipedia -- International Association of Administrative Professionals (NSA founded 1942; CPS exam 1951; renamed IAAP 1998)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Administrative_Professionals), Wikipedia
35. [Forked Lightning -- "The Past, Present, and Future of Office Work" (1971: 1/3 of working women were secretaries; 12.7% of all workers in office support at peak)](https://forklightning.substack.com/p/the-past-present-and-future-of-office), Forked Lightning (Substack)
36. [Vimcal -- 2026 Report on the Administrative and Executive Assistant Profession (n=600; 86% enhancement; 70% ChatGPT; scheduling still 29.3% of time)](https://www.vimcal.com/ea/2026-report), Vimcal

### Predecessors & successors

37. [Tech Savvy Assistant -- "Evolution of the Administrative Field" (male secretaries dominated pre-1880s)](https://www.techsavvyassistant.com/blog/secretaries-executive-assistants-evolution-administrative-field), Tech Savvy Assistant
38. [Strom -- "Woman's Place is at the Typewriter" (stenographer-to-private-secretary career path, 1880-1930)](https://temple.manifoldapp.org/read/untitled-a3dba793-4797-49f5-bcd7-2d03fccbc425/section/a69a8a8b-1b3c-4ed4-a2eb-6a9f80eed4f7), Temple University Press
39. [Steele Recruiting -- "What 2026 Will Demand of Executive Assistants and Chiefs of Staff"](https://www.steelerecruiting.com/blog/what-2026-will-demand-of-executive-assistants-and-chiefs-of-staff), Steele Recruiting

### Present-day analysis

- [O\*NET 30.3 — Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants (43-6011.00)](https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/43-6011.00), accessed 2026-05-23
- [BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook — Secretaries and Administrative Assistants (2024)](https://www.bls.gov/ooh/office-and-administrative-support/secretaries-and-administrative-assistants.htm), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Vimcal — 2026 Report on the Administrative and Executive Assistant Profession (600 EAs surveyed, Aug 2025)](https://www.vimcal.com/ea/2026-report), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Steele Recruiting — What 2026 Will Demand of Executive Assistants and Chiefs of Staff](https://www.steelerecruiting.com/blog/what-2026-will-demand-of-executive-assistants-and-chiefs-of-staff), accessed 2026-05-23
- [WEF Future of Jobs Report 2025 — 19M admin secretary roles projected displaced by 2027](https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025/), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Eloundou et al. 2024 — GPTs are GPTs (Science)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10130), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Robert Half 2026 Administrative & Customer Support Salary Guide](https://www.roberthalf.com/us/en/insights/research/data-reveals-which-administrative-and-customer-support-roles-are-in-highest-demand), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Otter.ai — OtterPilot: 5.3 hours saved per user per week (Forrester Total Economic Impact Study 2025)](https://otter.ai/), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Alfred Blog — 7 AI Meeting Notetakers Tested (2026): Fireflies, Otter, Granola compared for EA workflows](https://get-alfred.ai/blog/best-ai-meeting-notetakers), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Granola AI — bot-free desktop meeting notes; $1.5B valuation driven by exec and founder word-of-mouth (2025)](https://www.granola.ai/), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Reclaim.ai — EA Guide: saves 4.9 planning hrs/week, 82% of EAs navigate frequent schedule changes, conflict auto-resolution and buffer time](https://reclaim.ai/teams/executive-assistants), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Microsoft — Copilot in Outlook agentic mode: auto-reschedules 1:1s, protects working-hours blocks, resolves conflicts; Microsoft 365 Frontier Apr 2026](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/outlook/copilot-in-outlook-new-agentic-experiences-for-email-and-calendar/4499798), accessed 2026-05-23
- [Superhuman Mail — Auto Labels, Auto Archive, Instant Reply: 4 hours back per week; AI adapts tone per recipient (May 2026)](https://superhuman.com/products/mail/ai), accessed 2026-05-23

How to read these figures: https://futurehistory.earth/methodology. Every figure links to its own source; gaps stay gaps.