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Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary

Scrub through 189years of this role's history, from when it first emerged, through every wave of technology that reshaped it, to the cited projections for where it's heading next.

2026drag to travel through time
1850187519001925195019752000now
2026
Known today as Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary (BLS SOC 25-1052)
Latest actual · 2024
25K
BLS OEWS May 2024, as reported by O*NET and the BLS National Employment Matrix. This is the anchor for projection baselineYear. Employment of 25,400 reflects steady growth from the mid-2000s baseline (approximately 20,000-21,000 in 2003-2005, per backfill data) and reflects the continued expansion of two-year college and four-year university chemistry programs, offset by adjunctification and the partial substitution of full-time tenure-track lines with part-time and visiting instructor positions. The 2024 figure is used as the projection anchor.
Latest actual · 2024
$86,220
BLS OEWS May 2024, as reported by O*NET. This is the real-base-year anchor for the wage series. The $86,220 median reflects the blended distribution across institution types: chemistry faculty at R1 research universities (full professors, associate professors) earn substantially above this median, while community college chemistry instructors and adjuncts pull it down. The BLS May 2025 figure is $105,210 (preliminary, from search results), suggesting a significant nominal increase in the most recent survey cycle, but the 2024 O*NET-sourced figure is used as the primary anchor here.
Each dot is a cited figure over time; the dotted line only links them (values between aren't measured). Hollow dots are estimates.
Tools of the era

The tools that defined the work

Select an era to see how it reshaped the work.

  • Liebig glass-bench laboratory (teaching laboratory as a pedagogical technology)

    The Liebig laboratory model -- a room fitted with individual workbenches, glassware, water supply, drainage, and fume management -- was itself the defining technology of the postsecondary chemistry teacher's role. Before Liebig, chemistry instruction was delivered by lecture and demonstration only; the professor showed the student how reactions behaved. After Liebig, the student performed the reactions under faculty supervision. This created the teaching laboratory as an infrastructure requirement that has defined the chemistry faculty position ever since: unlike humanities or social science professors, chemistry faculty cannot teach without a physical laboratory, and the supervision of that laboratory is the most legally non-delegable part of their job. The Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard (1847) and the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale were the first US institutions to adopt this model.

    Work toolChanging equipment
  • UV/Vis spectrophotometer + analytical instrumentation (Beckman DU, 1941)

    The Beckman Model DU spectrophotometer, introduced in 1941, was the first instrument to move analytical chemistry from purely wet-bench methods toward instrumental analysis. By the 1950s, UV/Vis spectrophotometry was standard in undergraduate analytical chemistry courses, and its introduction into teaching laboratories changed both what chemistry faculty had to know and how they taught it. Faculty now had to teach instrument operation, calibration, and interpretation alongside traditional titration and gravimetric methods. The introduction of NMR spectroscopy into university teaching labs in the 1960s and mass spectrometry in the 1970s continued this pattern: each new instrument expanded the technical scope of what a chemistry teacher was responsible for demonstrating and supervising.

    Effect on the work

    Instrumentation did not reduce the number of chemistry faculty required; if anything, it increased demand because instrument maintenance and complex operation required expert supervision. The technical barrier to chemistry teaching rose with each instrument generation.

    Work toolChanging equipment
  • Post-Sputnik federal science funding (NDEA 1958, NSF curriculum overhaul)

    The Soviet launch of Sputnik on October 4, 1957 triggered the most significant federal investment in chemistry education in US history. Congress passed the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) in 1958, allocating $1 billion for science, mathematics, and language education at all levels. The National Science Foundation funded the rewriting of chemistry curricula at universities and summer seminars in which university chemistry faculty trained high school teachers in new materials. In the 20 years after Sputnik, NSF spent $500 million on curricula and teacher development. This was not a technology in the conventional sense but it functioned as the enabling infrastructure for the major expansion of university chemistry faculty from the late 1950s through the 1970s: new positions were funded, new laboratory buildings constructed, and chemistry professors became federally sponsored public goods whose job was producing the scientists the Cold War required.

    Effect on the work

    University chemistry faculty positions roughly doubled from the late 1950s to the mid-1970s. New PhD programs opened at regional universities and state colleges that had previously had only bachelor's-level chemistry programs, creating demand for research-active faculty at institutions that had previously employed only instructors.

    Work toolChanging equipment
  • Personal computer + computational chemistry software (MOPAC, Gaussian, HyperChem)

    The introduction of personal computers into chemistry teaching laboratories through the late 1970s and 1980s transformed how chemistry faculty taught molecular modeling, kinetics simulations, and data analysis. MOPAC (1983), Gaussian (1970, but widely available academically from the 1980s), and later HyperChem (1987) and Spartan brought computational chemistry from mainframe-only research tools into undergraduate teaching. Chemistry faculty now had to be fluent in computational methods alongside bench work: a faculty member teaching organic chemistry in 1995 was expected to demonstrate electron density surfaces and transition-state geometries using 3D molecular visualization that had not existed at all when they trained. This era also brought spreadsheet-based kinetics analysis (Excel replacing paper graph plotting in lab reports) and CAS SciFinder (1995) replacing manual Chemical Abstracts card searches for literature review.

    Work toolChanging equipment
  • Online learning platforms + course management systems (Blackboard 1997, Canvas 2011, Labster 2012)

    Course management systems -- Blackboard (adopted widely at universities from 1997), then Moodle (2002) and Canvas (2011) -- changed the administrative and content-delivery dimensions of chemistry teaching without changing the laboratory dimension. Faculty could now post syllabi, assignments, and lecture slides online; students could submit lab reports digitally. For large introductory chemistry courses (often 200-500 students), the LMS became the primary communication channel. The more transformative innovation for chemistry specifically was Labster (founded 2012), which introduced virtual laboratory simulations for titration, distillation, organic synthesis, and spectroscopy -- extending chemistry experiments to online learners who could not access a physical lab and providing pre-lab preparation that reduced safety incidents in the physical laboratory.

    Work toolChanging equipment
  • AI retrosynthesis platforms (IBM RXN 2018, Reaxys Predictive Retrosynthesis)

    IBM launched IBM RXN for Chemistry in 2018 as a free cloud-based AI retrosynthesis platform: given a target molecule, the system proposes synthetic routes in seconds using deep learning trained on millions of published reactions. By 2022-2023 it was in active use in university chemistry courses as a pedagogical tool: faculty assigned students to critique AI-proposed routes, identifying chemically unsound step-2 byproducts, incompatible protecting groups, and unrealistic yield claims. Reaxys launched its AI-powered predictive retrosynthesis module and natural-language search (2025) extending this to 121 million chemistry documents. These tools restructured what chemistry faculty teach: the question shifted from "how do you design a synthesis?" to "how do you evaluate and improve a synthesis that AI has already proposed?"

    Work toolChanging equipment
  • Generative AI in chemistry education (ChatGPT, Gradescope AI, AlphaFold, Reaxys AI Search)

    The release of ChatGPT in November 2022 created an immediate crisis for chemistry assessment: take-home synthesis problems and mechanism assignments completable in minutes by AI became invalid as assessment instruments. The Journal of Chemical Education documented rapid faculty adoption of generative AI for course-material scaffolding, exam question generation, and grading acceleration (Gradescope's AI-assisted answer grouping specifically documented for undergraduate chemistry in 2025). The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry recognizing AlphaFold and computational protein design accelerated integration of protein structure prediction into biochemistry curricula. FSU research (2024) showed statistical Rasch modeling could detect ChatGPT use on chemistry multiple-choice exams while standard AI-detection tools could not. Chemistry faculty are now navigating three simultaneous pressures: AI augments their content preparation and grading; AI threatens their assessment integrity; and AI tools (IBM RXN, Reaxys AI, AlphaFold) have become skills their students must master for industry employment.

    AI audit toolsPattern detection
Projection cone · present → 2034

What credible sources project

Scrub the slider past now to anchor each scenario on the scrubber. The spread is the range of futures credible sources project for this role.

Employment outlook
Projected change in the number of people doing this work.
BLS OOH -- Postsecondary Teachers (broad category, 2024-34)
2034
+7%
BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook projects employment of postsecondary teachers (all disciplines, 25-10XX major group) to grow 7% from 2024 to 2034, much faster than the average for all occupations, driven by rising postsecondary enrollment driven by population growth and increased demand for credentialed workers. Chemistry teachers specifically project slower than the broad postsecondary category (2.2% vs. 7%) because chemistry enrollment is growing more slowly than STEM disciplines such as computing and data science, and because the adjunctification trend has particularly affected science laboratory courses where per-section faculty cost is high. Presented here as an upper-bound scenario.
BLS National Employment Matrix 2024-34
2034
+2.2%
BLS Employment Projections 2024-34, National Employment Matrix for occupation 25-1052. Baseline employment 25,400 (2024); projected 26,000 (2034); change +600 positions (+2.2%). This is classified as slower growth than the all-occupations average (+3-4%) but faster than the flat-to-declining trend for many other specialized postsecondary teacher categories. The BLS projection reflects continued demand for gateway chemistry instruction (pre-medicine, nursing, pharmacy, engineering, environmental science) offset by structural headwinds: adjunctification (replacement of tenure-track lines with part-time instructors), enrollment plateaus at four-year institutions, and AI tools that may reduce the number of course sections required by enabling more effective mass instruction. The projection does not explicitly model AI-driven attrition of course sections.
AI task exposure
Share of the role’s tasks that researchers estimate AI can do. This is a measure of task exposure, not a forecast of jobs lost.
Eloundou et al. -- "GPTs are GPTs" (2023)
2028
20%
of tasks
GPT-4 task-by-task LLM exposure labeling on O*NET tasks for postsecondary teachers. Postsecondary teachers as a category score in the moderate-to-high LLM exposure range because many of their documented O*NET tasks -- preparing course materials, writing syllabi, generating exam questions, answering student questions -- are highly automatable by LLMs. However, chemistry faculty specifically have a substantial portfolio of tasks that are genuinely AI-resistant: physical laboratory supervision (OSHA/EPA non-delegable), NMR and mass spectrometry spectral interpretation in a physical laboratory setting, and original research mentorship that requires scientific creativity assessment. The 20% exposure estimate reflects the LLM-automatable share of the task portfolio (lecture preparation, administrative writing, routine Q&A) while crediting the lab-supervision and research-mentorship core as AI-resistant. This is classified as exposure (task-share), not employment headcount decline.
McKinsey Global Institute -- "Generative AI and the Future of Work in America" (2023)
2030
15%
of tasks
McKinsey's 2023 analysis of generative AI and work activities found that education and workforce training face both increasing labor demand and high change of work activities. For teachers, McKinsey noted that generative AI would allow creation of first-draft materials -- lecture content, assessments, procedural documents -- that teachers would edit, potentially freeing time for higher-value activities like class discussion and individual tutoring. The 15% exposure estimate reflects the share of a chemistry faculty member's work activities that McKinsey classifies as having high automation potential from generative AI by 2030, primarily preparation, administration, and information synthesis tasks. Physical laboratory work, research supervision, and student mentorship are not classified as automatable.
Today, in this role

What's shifting in the work right now

The historical view above shows how this role has moved. This is the present-day detail: which AI tools are picking up which tasks, where the edge still is, and the natural directions this work can grow.

What's changing in your day

Three parts of your work where AI is already doing real lifting, and what stays yours.

AI is sitting alongside you hereGrade and provide feedback on undergraduate chemistry problem sets, lab reports, and exams — using Gradescope AI-assisted answer grouping for multiple-choice and short-answer chemistry assignments, then applying expert chemical judgment to evaluate mechanism quality, spectral interpretation reasoning, and synthetic planning arguments that automated scoring cannot assess reliably.

Grade and provide feedback on undergraduate chemistry problem sets, lab reports, and exams — using Gradescope AI-assisted answer grouping for multiple-choice and short-answer chemistry assignments, then applying expert chemical judgment to evaluate mechanism quality, spectral interpretation reasoning, and synthetic planning arguments that automated scoring cannot assess reliably.[6],[9]

Tools picking this up
Where your edge is

Deploy Gradescope for all chemistry assessments that have deterministic answers — mechanism identification, stoichiometric calculations, spectral peak matching. The J. Chem. Ed. (2025) study documents significant grading-efficiency gains specifically in undergraduate chemistry courses using Gradescope's AI-assisted grouping. Reserve expert effort for the qualitatively hard judgment: is this student's arrow-pushing mechanistically valid even if the product is wrong? Is this NMR interpretation reasoning consistent with the data? Use Turnitin AI detection as a flag for closer scrutiny, not as standalone evidence — FSU (2024) documents near-100% false-negative rates for text-based AI detection on chemistry exam responses, whereas Rasch statistical modeling of response patterns is more reliable.

AI is sitting alongside you herePrepare and revise course materials — syllabi, lecture slides, lab procedures, and problem sets — using AI tools (ChatGPT Edu, NotebookLM) to generate first-draft organic chemistry slide decks, draft safety protocol documents, and synthesize literature on reaction mechanisms, then editing with chemical expertise to ensure accuracy, appropriate hazard communication, and alignment with current synthetic methodology.

Prepare and revise course materials — syllabi, lecture slides, lab procedures, and problem sets — using AI tools (ChatGPT Edu, NotebookLM) to generate first-draft organic chemistry slide decks, draft safety protocol documents, and synthesize literature on reaction mechanisms, then editing with chemical expertise to ensure accuracy, appropriate hazard communication, and alignment with current synthetic methodology.[5],[1]

Where your edge is

Use ChatGPT Edu to generate a first-draft 50-slide organic chemistry lecture on carbonyl chemistry or a lab handout for a Grignard synthesis — it will produce reasonable structure and standard content. Then invest your expert effort in verifying mechanistic accuracy (AI frequently misdraws arrow-pushing mechanisms or invents reaction conditions), adding current literature examples, and incorporating safety annotations that comply with your institution's Chemical Hygiene Plan. The J. Chem. Ed. (2025) faculty consensus: AI accelerates the scaffolding phase significantly but chemical accuracy review by domain expert remains essential.

AI is sitting alongside you hereHold office hours and respond to student questions on reaction mechanisms, spectral interpretation, and synthesis planning — using virtual lab platforms (Labster) to handle asynchronous practice of standard experiments outside class, and triaging which conceptual questions AI tutors (ChatGPT, Khanmigo) can adequately address versus which require expert human engagement with a student's specific chemical misconception.

Hold office hours and respond to student questions on reaction mechanisms, spectral interpretation, and synthesis planning — using virtual lab platforms (Labster) to handle asynchronous practice of standard experiments outside class, and triaging which conceptual questions AI tutors (ChatGPT, Khanmigo) can adequately address versus which require expert human engagement with a student's specific chemical misconception.[15],[8]

Where your edge is

Deploy Labster virtual labs for pre-lab preparation on standard experiments (titration, distillation, organic synthesis) — students who arrive at the physical lab having completed the virtual version make fewer mistakes and need less fundamental supervision, freeing your time for the genuine teaching moments. Direct ChatGPT Edu to handle the 10pm mechanism questions for straightforward nucleophilic substitution or elimination reactions; reserve your office-hour engagement for the student who has genuinely tried and still cannot reconcile their NMR spectrum with their proposed product structure. Those are the highest-leverage teaching interactions and the ones AI cannot reliably navigate.

Where this role is heading

Natural next steps for someone with your foundation: not exits, evolutions.

A direction you could grow

Education Administrators, Postsecondary

Chemistry faculty frequently move into department chair, associate dean of science, or dean of college roles — particularly those who have led curriculum redesign efforts, managed laboratory safety programs, chaired ACS accreditation reviews (for chemistry BS programs requiring ACS approval), or served on university AI governance committees. Chemistry departments are under significant pressure to modernize computational and AI content, revise laboratory safety infrastructure, and respond to AI-generation of student work in assessments — creating demand for administrators with both technical credibility and governance experience. The CRI increase reflects that postsecondary education administration is growing (+7% BLS 2024-2034) and moderately AI-augmented for data analytics and reporting tasks.

What you'd add
  • · ACS Committee on Professional Training (CPT) accreditation self-study and continuous improvement documentation for approved chemistry programs
  • · Higher education budget management: faculty line planning, laboratory equipment capital requests, and research overhead recovery negotiations
  • · Faculty performance review, promotion/tenure facilitation, and hiring committee leadership for chemistry searches
  • · Lab safety program administration: Chemical Hygiene Officer responsibilities, OSHA compliance, EPA waste reporting, and facilities management
  • · University AI governance: developing student AI-use policy for chemistry courses, evaluating AI tools for institutional deployment, faculty development planning
What it takesSome new skills to pick up
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The data behind this timeline

On record since1847
Latest tracked employment25,400 (US, 2024)
Latest median pay$86,220 (2024)
Outlook+2.2% by 2034 (BLS National Employment Matrix 2024-34)
View all 27 cited data points
YearUS employmentMedian annual paySource
19505,500n/aESTIMATE
197011,000n/aESTIMATE
1975n/a$16,200ESTIMATE
199019,000n/aESTIMATE
2000n/a$54,000ESTIMATE
200317,100$55,420BLS-OEWS
200418,720$56,660BLS-OEWS
200519,520$58,060BLS-OEWS
200619,560$61,220BLS-OEWS
200719,800$63,870BLS-OEWS
200819,950$67,240BLS-OEWS
200920,370$68,760BLS-OEWS
201021,150$70,520BLS-OEWS
201120,830$70,960BLS-OEWS
201220,430$71,140BLS-OEWS
201320,820$72,670BLS-OEWS
201421,470$73,080BLS-OEWS
201521,460$75,060BLS-OEWS
201621,250$76,750BLS-OEWS
201721,090$77,190BLS-OEWS
201821,370$79,550BLS-OEWS
201921,380$79,550BLS-OEWS
202021,530$80,400BLS-OEWS
202120,260$79,410BLS-OEWS
202220,650$80,720BLS-OEWS
202320,210$85,810BLS-OEWS
202425,400$86,220BLS-OEWS
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