Auto mechanics
Official title Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics (SOC 49-3023)
Also called Automotive technician, Auto technician, Service technician, Master tech, Master technician
In brief
In May 2025, BLS counted 704,640 US auto mechanics, with median pay of $50,620 a year. Of the BLS counts since 2003, the May 2025 count is the highest. The earliest figure here is an estimate of 50,000 from 1910, not measured the same way as today's count. The last full technology era for auto mechanics: Tesla direct service model + ADAS calibration equipment, 2012 to 2022. Shops that invested saw ADAS calibration become one of their highest-margin labor operations by 2022.
What the sources say
Official outlook
BLS projects employment to grow 5% from 2025 to 2035.
AI exposure studies
- 7.3% of this job's tasks are exposed to large language models. Not a forecast of job losses. Eloundou and others, 2023
- 0.59 estimated probability that the whole occupation could be computerised, over an unspecified number of years. Not a forecast of job losses. Frey and Osborne, 2013
Since the 2013 prediction
In 2013, Frey and Osborne put this job's probability of computerisation at 0.59. BLS counted 604,990 of these jobs in May 2013 and 704,640 in May 2025 (+16%, a change derived by Future History).
Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35. BLS publishes these counts as yearly survey snapshots and cautions against reading them as a precise trend. In May 2021 BLS changed how it estimates these counts (a model-based method using three years of survey data) and moved fully to the 2018 occupation codes, so part of a change across 2021 can come from the method rather than the work.
Last updated .
Cite this page
Future History. (2026, October 11). Auto mechanics: jobs and pay since 1910 [Data set; data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35]. https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/49-3023
Future History. "Auto mechanics: jobs and pay since 1910." Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35. Last modified October 11, 2026. https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/49-3023.
@misc{futurehistory_49_3023, author = {{Future History}}, title = {Auto mechanics: jobs and pay since 1910}, year = {2026}, month = oct, howpublished = {\url{https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/49-3023}}, note = {Last updated 2026-10-11. Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35}, }
The access date is today's date on your device.
≈ $49,322 in 2024 prices (derived by us, CPI-adjusted)
October 1, 1908: the first Ford Model T rolls out of the Piquette Avenue plant in Detroit. Within five years, the Highland Park moving assembly line (first implemented October 7, 1913) will reduce Model T chassis assembly from 728 minutes to 93 minutes, dropping the purchase price from $700 in 1910 to $350 by 1917. The mass-market automobile creates a mass-market problem: who will fix them? The Model T's planetary gearbox, thermosyphon cooling, and magneto ignition are simple enough for a motivated owner to service but complex enough to generate steady repair work for the trained mechanic. By 1927, when production ends after 15 million units, the automobile mechanic is one of the most common skilled-trade occupations in the United States.
April 21, 1920: Snap-on Tools is founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin by Joseph Johnson and William Seidemann with the idea of ten sockets that snap onto five interchangeable handles, "5 do the work of 50." The concept addresses a real shop problem: auto mechanics carry enormous numbers of sockets and wrenches because every bolt head size requires a dedicated tool. Snap-on's interchangeable system lets a technician cover the full range of fastener sizes on a vehicle with a fraction of the tool count. In 1956, Snap-on expands into diagnostic equipment, beginning a trajectory that leads it to become the dominant supplier of professional scan tools, engine analyzers, and AI-assisted diagnostic platforms to US service technicians a century later.
June 12, 1972: the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence, ASE, is established in Washington, D.C., founded specifically to address consumer concern about incompetent automotive technicians and the absence of any objective standard for measuring mechanic competence. Prior to ASE, there was no national credential for automotive service: you were either a dealership-trained mechanic who had completed an OEM program or a shop-trained mechanic whose skill level was unknowable to a customer. ASE's testing-based certification (the A1-A8 certification series for automobile service) gave consumers a verifiable proxy for competence and gave technicians a credential that could follow them from shop to shop. By 2018, ASE had certified approximately 247,621 service professionals.
Model year 1975: federal emissions standards under the 1970 Clean Air Act amendments require catalytic converters on all new US passenger cars, the first mandatory emissions control device to fundamentally change the repair business. The catalytic converter requires unleaded gasoline (eliminating the option of the leaded-fuel tune-up shortcut), makes misfires catastrophic for the converter, and introduces the oxygen sensor as a new diagnostic component. By the early 1980s, all major OEMs have switched to electronic ignition (eliminating distributor points and condensers) and are phasing in fuel injection (eliminating the carburetor). The traditional tune-up (points, plugs, cap, rotor, carburetor adjustment) is being replaced by a diagnostic procedure centered on reading emissions-control sensors.
Model year 1996: the OBD-II standard becomes mandatory for all US passenger cars and light trucks under 8,500 lbs. For the first time, every vehicle uses a standardized 16-pin diagnostic connector in the same location, the same five communication protocols, and the same "P-code" fault code format. A single generic scan tool can now query any car on the road. The California Air Resources Board had first mandated basic OBD capability in 1988 (OBD-I), but the system was manufacturer-specific and fragmented; OBD-II eliminates the fragmentation. The result is a step-change in how diagnostics work: the "check engine" light becomes a standardized, codified system rather than a mysterious warning. Every independent shop that had previously been locked out of some manufacturer's vehicles (for lack of the proprietary scan tool) can now diagnose the full market.
June 1, 2009: General Motors files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the Southern District of New York, the fourth-largest bankruptcy filing in US history. GM reduces its US dealership count from approximately 5,900 to 3,600 (a ~40% reduction), eliminates the Pontiac, Saturn, Hummer, and Saab brands, and closes 14 US manufacturing plants. For service technicians, the dealership consolidation permanently eliminates service-department jobs at thousands of franchised dealers. Many technicians move to the independent aftermarket; some leave the trade. The wave of brand eliminations disrupts the spare-parts supply chains for millions of Pontiac, Saturn, and Hummer vehicles in service, creating a surge of independent-shop work as OEM dealer support for these vehicles phases out.
June 2012: Tesla begins production of the Model S at its Fremont, California factory. The Model S is not just the first profitable long-range battery-electric car: it is the first US production vehicle sold without any franchised dealer involvement since the franchised-dealer model became universal in the mid-20th century. Tesla's stated policy: it does not aim to profit from vehicle service. The maintenance schedule Tesla publishes by 2019 has no oil changes, no spark plugs, no timing belt, no transmission service, and brake service intervals measured in years or decades rather than the 30,000-mile cycles typical of ICE vehicles. The Model S becomes the existence proof that the service-revenue model underlying franchised dealer economics is structurally disrupted by the BEV drivetrain, not just by Tesla's business choices.
BLS projects 805,600 automotive service technicians and mechanics employed in 2024, growing to 839,200 by 2034 (+4.2%). Annual average job openings: approximately 82,000 per year over the decade, driven primarily by replacement demand as the existing workforce ages toward retirement. The occupation sits at the intersection of three simultaneous transitions: (1) BEV fleet growth reducing per-vehicle service hours as EVs age into the used-vehicle market; (2) ADAS calibration and HV battery service emerging as new skilled-labor categories requiring specific training and capital investment; (3) AI-assisted diagnostics (Snap-on Zeus, Bosch ADS AI, OEM diagnostic AI platforms) compressing the time from symptom to confirmed fault. The technicians who navigate all three transitions (master HV certification, invest in ADAS calibration equipment, and learn to leverage AI diagnostic guidance) are positioned for premium wages; those who don't will find their work increasingly concentrated in commodity oil-change and brake-pad services that BEV penetration is steadily shrinking.
Will AI replace auto mechanics? What the research says
Each figure is stated by the named source; we publish no forecasts of our own. Where sources disagree, we show the disagreement rather than an average.
Each figure is stated by the named source; we publish no forecasts of our own. Where sources disagree, the spread is the honest signal.
What's changing day to day for auto mechanics
Three parts of your work where AI is already doing real lifting, and what stays yours.
AI is sitting alongside you herePerform collision damage assessment and write a repair estimate using AI-assisted estimating software, capturing a structured photo set of collision damage per insurer or software guidelines, uploading to CCC ONE (Jumpstart AI) or Solera Qapter for AI-generated line-by-line estimate pre-population, reviewing AI-generated lines against physical inspection findings for missed structural damage or hidden components, adding supplement items, and submitting the estimate through the insurer direct-repair program portal.
Perform collision damage assessment and write a repair estimate using AI-assisted estimating software, capturing a structured photo set of collision damage per insurer or software guidelines, uploading to CCC ONE (Jumpstart AI) or Solera Qapter for AI-generated line-by-line estimate pre-population, reviewing AI-generated lines against physical inspection findings for missed structural damage or hidden components, adding supplement items, and submitting the estimate through the insurer direct-repair program portal.[9],[10]
AI estimating (CCC ONE Jumpstart, Qapter) has moved from a productivity curiosity to a production-shop standard in collision repair: CCC reported "accelerating" AI tool adoption in Q3 2025. The speed gain is real: photo-to-estimate in minutes. But AI cannot see hidden structural damage, and it cannot verify whether a damaged ADAS sensor bracket is included in the estimate or whether a supplemental alignment and ADAS recalibration is required after frame straightening. The skill shift is from initial estimate writing to AI output review + supplement authorization: a task that still requires standing in front of the vehicle. Estimators who master AI-assisted estimating handle higher volume; those who can catch what the AI misses protect their shops from supplement disputes and insurer chargebacks.
AI is sitting alongside you hereWrite repair orders and communicate with customers about diagnosis findings and recommended repairs, documenting the customer complaint, diagnostic steps taken, root cause identified, and recommended repairs with labor and parts costs in the DMS (Dealer Management System) or shop management software, presenting the repair authorization to the customer in plain language, and following up on deferred service items for future appointment scheduling.
Write repair orders and communicate with customers about diagnosis findings and recommended repairs, documenting the customer complaint, diagnostic steps taken, root cause identified, and recommended repairs with labor and parts costs in the DMS (Dealer Management System) or shop management software, presenting the repair authorization to the customer in plain language, and following up on deferred service items for future appointment scheduling.[1],[11]
Repair order communication is where AI genuinely helps technicians who struggle with written documentation: ProDemand's 1Search Plus, ServiceTitan, and shop-specific DMS tools increasingly offer AI-assisted repair order language generation and customer-facing text that translates technical findings into plain language. The human layer is the judgment call about what to recommend, what to defer, and how to build trust with a customer who is spending money on an invisible product. Techs who communicate clearly and honestly with customers build a personal customer following that transfers across shops: it is the single most underrated career asset in the trade.
AI is sitting alongside you herePerform a digital multi-point vehicle inspection (MPI), conducting a structured walkaround inspection covering all BLS safety-critical items (brake condition, tire tread and pressure, lights, belts and hoses, fluid levels, battery state of health, wiper blades), documenting findings with photographs in a shop management platform (DealerSocket, Tekion, or RO Writer), categorizing each item as Green/Yellow/Red per manufacturer guidelines, and presenting the digital report to the service advisor or directly to the customer via text link.
Perform a digital multi-point vehicle inspection (MPI), conducting a structured walkaround inspection covering all BLS safety-critical items (brake condition, tire tread and pressure, lights, belts and hoses, fluid levels, battery state of health, wiper blades), documenting findings with photographs in a shop management platform (DealerSocket, Tekion, or RO Writer), categorizing each item as Green/Yellow/Red per manufacturer guidelines, and presenting the digital report to the service advisor or directly to the customer via text link.[1],[12]
Digital MPI platforms with photo documentation increase customer authorization rates for deferred maintenance items (higher than verbal recommendations, per service management studies). The inspection itself is physical: AI cannot currently drive around the vehicle taking structured photos and interpreting what it sees at the level a trained tech does. The documentation workflow is where AI assists: AI-categorized results, automated customer text delivery, and recommendation language generation. Master your shop's MPI platform and train yourself to take diagnostic-quality photos, not just documentation snapshots. A well-shot photo of a cracked CV boot closes more jobs than any verbal description.
Where auto mechanics go next
Natural next steps for someone with your foundation: not exits, evolutions.
- First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
- US median pay
- $79,860 (May 2025)
- BLS outlook 2025-35
- +4.1%
- Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor VehiclesNo timeline for this role yet
- Automotive Body and Related Repairers
- US median pay
- $54,890 (May 2025)
- BLS outlook 2025-35
- +3.7%
- Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists
- US median pay
- $61,770 (May 2025)
- BLS outlook 2025-35
- +3.6%
What each move takes
First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
Experienced master technicians are the natural pipeline for shop foreman and service manager roles: the technical credibility, built-in peer respect, and deep understanding of what good repair work looks like are competitive moats against management candidates without trade backgrounds. The transition shifts time allocation from bench work to work distribution, quality inspection, apprentice mentoring, and customer escalation handling. ASE Service Consultant certification (C1) and business management coursework bridge the gap. Many foremen operate in a hybrid role initially: still turning wrenches on diagnostic work while supervising.
How has the work of auto mechanics changed since 1908?
The tools that defined the work, one line per era. Select an era to see how it reshaped the work.
Hand tools + grease gun + compression gauge (Model T era)
The first automobile mechanics worked with hand tools drawn from the blacksmithing and bicycle-repair trades: wrenches, pliers, hammers, files, and the compression gauge, a simple device that threaded into a spark plug hole and told you whether a cylinder was sealing properly. The grease gun was the central implement: the Model T had a planetary gearbox lubricated by oil churned from a reservoir in the transmission pan, and the chassis had dozens of grease fittings for ball joints, king pins, and steering linkages. The diagnostic method was sensory: listening for the knock of a worn connecting-rod bearing, feeling the vibration through the floorboards, smelling the sweet antifreeze vapor of a leaking head gasket. Manuals were thin. Most knowledge was oral, passed between mechanics in the bay.
Timing light + dwell meter + hydraulic lift (service bay era)
The 1930s brought the first wave of purpose-built service equipment to the automotive shop. The hydraulic lift, replacing the manual jack and wooden blocks, allowed a mechanic to raise a vehicle to comfortable working height for exhaust, brake, and undercarriage service. The timing light (a stroboscope that froze the rotating distributor in apparent stillness, allowing visual verification of ignition timing) and the dwell meter (measuring the angle of distributor contact-point closure per revolution) made the tune-up a precision procedure rather than guesswork. By 1930, Snap-on had been founded (1920, Milwaukee, Wisconsin), and its snap-on socket system, ten sockets fitting five handles, had established the standard for organized professional tool inventory. In 1956, Snap-on began manufacturing automotive diagnostic test equipment, including voltmeters, ammeters, and alternator testers.
Sun Electric diagnostic consoles + CHILTON / Motors manuals
Sun Electric Corporation (founded 1930s, Chicago) became the dominant supplier of engine analyzers to US dealerships in the 1950s-1970s. A Sun console, the size of a rolling chest freezer, combined an oscilloscope, dwell meter, tachometer, and cylinder-balance tester. It could display ignition waveforms for all cylinders simultaneously on a single screen, letting a technician identify a fouled plug, a cracked distributor cap, or a faulty condenser by waveform shape without removing any part. CHILTON Publishing (founded 1904) and Motors Manual became the industry-standard reference libraries: spiral-bound, grease-proof, year-make-model specific volumes covering torque specs, valve clearances, and factory service procedures. A well-equipped shop subscribed to both and kept the current year plus the five preceding years on a shelf above the tool chest.
Catalytic converter + electronic ignition + emissions diagnostics era
The 1975 model year introduced federally mandated catalytic converters on all new US passenger cars: the direct consequence of the 1970 Clean Air Act amendments, which set the first national emissions standards for hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide effective on 1968 models and required a reduction by 1975. Catalytic converters eliminated the traditional tune-up's scope: no more distributor points (Chrysler's electronic ignition came to all models in 1972, GM's High Energy Ignition in 1974, Ford's Dura-Spark in 1977). No more carburetor adjustments on most vehicles by the early 1980s (fuel injection penetration rising). The new emissions-related service tasks (oxygen sensor replacement, EGR valve cleaning, catalytic converter diagnosis, idle-mixture CO measurement with an exhaust gas analyzer) required an entirely new instrument set and an understanding of closed-loop fuel control chemistry.
OBD-I (California 1988) + manufacturer-specific scan tools
In 1988, the California Air Resources Board mandated that all new vehicles sold in California have on-board diagnostic capability: the OBD-I standard. The system would illuminate a malfunction indicator lamp when a fault was detected, and a technician could retrieve a fault code by bridging two terminals on a connector with a paperclip (on GM vehicles) or counting lamp flashes. The codes were manufacturer-specific: a GM "Code 42" meant something different from a Ford "Code 42." Every OEM sold its own proprietary scan tool, the "Tech 1" for GM, the "Star Scan" for Chrysler, the "OTC" for Ford. The era established the principle that the electrical diagram and the scan tool were as fundamental to the technician's work as the socket set.
OBD-II mandate (1996) + PC-based diagnostics + ASE certification era
The 1996 OBD-II mandate (federal) was the single most consequential regulatory change in automotive service since the catalytic converter. Every OBD-II vehicle used the same 16-pin DLC connector in the same location under the dashboard, the same five communication protocols, and the same standardized "P-code" diagnostic trouble code format. For the first time, a single generic scan tool could communicate with any car on the road. The "check engine" light was demystified for consumers and standardized for technicians. The aftermarket scan tool market (Snap-on Modis, Bosch ADS, Autel) exploded; PC-based software platforms (Alldata, Mitchell on Demand, OEM dealer-network portals like GM's TechLink) became the shop's primary reference. ASE had been founded June 12, 1972, specifically to establish standardized certification for automotive technicians; by 2018 it had certified approximately 247,621 service professionals.
Tesla direct service model (2012) + ADAS calibration equipment (2018+)
Tesla delivered the first Model S in June 2012. Its significance for the service industry was structural: Tesla sold direct, not through franchised dealers; stated explicitly it did not aim to profit from service. By 2019, Tesla had eliminated annual maintenance requirements entirely, recommending only fluid checks, tire rotations, air filter replacements, and brake fluid inspection on periodic intervals. Meanwhile, the spread of ADAS (cameras, radar, ultrasonic sensors) across mainstream vehicles (approximately 33% of new vehicles sold globally had some Level 2 ADAS capability by 2021, per Canalys research) created an entirely new service category: calibration. After any collision repair that touched a bumper cover, windshield, or fender, the forward-facing cameras and radar modules required factory-calibration procedures: either via a "dynamic calibration" drive cycle or a "static calibration" using a target board in a precisely level, well-lit bay. No calibration capability meant turning away post-collision work.
Effect on the workShops that invested saw ADAS calibration become one of their highest-margin labor operations by 2022.
BEV high-voltage service + AI-assisted diagnostics (IRA era)
The Inflation Reduction Act (August 16, 2022) accelerated US BEV adoption through consumer tax credits for qualifying purchases, and BEVs took a growing share of new US vehicle sales through 2024. For the automotive service workforce, the implications are layered. On volume: a BEV drivetrain has many moving parts. No oil changes, no spark plug replacements, no timing belt services, no transmission fluid changes: the routine-maintenance revenue base of a traditional shop is structurally diminished as BEVs age into the used-vehicle fleet. On skill: high-voltage battery systems (400V-800V DC) require technicians trained and certified in HV safety, insulated gloves rated to 1,000V, HV-rated tools, lockout procedures for disabling the service plug before touching traction battery components. OEMs (Tesla, GM's EV-certified dealer program, Ford Pro Power) have begun requiring separate HV technician certifications beyond ASE. On the AI layer: scan tools from Snap-on (Zeus platform) and Bosch (ADS 625X) now incorporate AI-assisted diagnostic guidance, the tool proposes a fault tree, suggests the most likely root cause based on real-world repair data from millions of similar cases, and generates a parts list. The technician still does the diagnosis; the AI compresses the time to hypothesis.
Effect on the workBLS projects only +4.2% employment growth for 49-3023 from the 2024 baseline of 805,600 to 839,200 by 2034, roughly in line with the all-occupation average. But aggregate headcount projections mask the structural shift: the BEV service hour per vehicle per year is materially lower than the ICE equivalent, meaning the same number of employed technicians will be serving a fleet that generates less service revenue per vehicle as BEV market share grows.
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Browse all rolesAutomotive Service Technicians and Mechanics employment and pay by year
In other countries
The latest figure each country's statistics agency publishes for this job. Each uses its own occupation definition, survey basis and currency, so the numbers are not directly comparable with each other or with the US figures.
United Kingdom (UK SOC 5231)
- Employment, 2025
- 98,000, ONS ASHE 2025 Official statistic Report an errorONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (Table 14): employee jobs in SOC 5231 Vehicle technicians, mechanics and electricians, United Kingdom, 2025 (ASHE "number of jobs", thousands x1000; excludes self-employment). Open Government Licence v3.0.
- Median pay, 2025
- £36,560, ONS ASHE 2025 Official statistic Report an errorONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (Table 14.7a): median gross annual pay for all employee jobs in SOC 5231 Vehicle technicians, mechanics and electricians, United Kingdom, 2025. Open Government Licence v3.0.
Australia (ANZSCO 3212)
- Employment, 2025
- 112,200, ABS Labour Force Survey March 2026 Official statistic Report an errorABS Labour Force Survey (Detailed), table EQ08: employed persons in ANZSCO 3212 Motor Mechanics, national (summed across sex and state/territory), annual average of 4 quarterly estimates.
- Median pay, 2025
- A$84,344, ABS Employee Earnings May 2025 Official statistic Report an errorAnnualised (x52) from A$1,622 median weekly earnings. ABS Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours, May 2025: median pay for full-time non-managerial employees paid at the adult rate, before tax. Surfaced via the Jobs and Skills Australia occupation profile for ANZSCO 3212.
View all 29 years of cited US data, each linked to its source
| Year | US employment | Annual pay (median unless marked) | Source | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 | 50,000 | n/a | Est., IPUMS USA Researched context | Report |
| 1920 | 200,000 | n/a | Est., Wikipedia Researched context | Report |
| 1940 | 450,000 | n/a | Est., IPUMS USA Researched context | Report |
| 1960 | 720,000 | n/a | Est., BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook Researched context | Report |
| 1980 | 870,000 | $13,500 | Est., BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook Researched context | Report |
| 2000 | 692,570 | $28,490 | BLS OEWS 2000 Official statistic | Report |
| 2003 | 690,780 | $31,130 | BLS OEWS May 2003 Official statistic | Report |
| 2004 | 668,540 | $32,450 | BLS OEWS May 2004 Official statistic | Report |
| 2005 | 654,800 | $33,050 | BLS OEWS May 2005 Official statistic | Report |
| 2006 | 642,360 | $33,780 | BLS OEWS May 2006 Official statistic | Report |
| 2007 | 650,780 | $34,170 | BLS OEWS May 2007 Official statistic | Report |
| 2008 | 649,460 | $35,100 | BLS OEWS May 2008 Official statistic | Report |
| 2009 | 606,990 | $35,420 | BLS OEWS May 2009 Official statistic | Report |
| 2010 | 587,510 | $35,790 | BLS OEWS May 2010 Official statistic | Report |
| 2011 | 589,750 | $36,180 | BLS OEWS May 2011 Official statistic | Report |
| 2012 | 596,830 | $36,610 | BLS OEWS May 2012 Official statistic | Report |
| 2013 | 604,990 | $36,710 | BLS OEWS May 2013 Official statistic | Report |
| 2014 | 633,390 | $37,120 | BLS OEWS May 2014 Official statistic | Report |
| 2015 | 638,080 | $37,850 | BLS OEWS May 2015 Official statistic | Report |
| 2016 | 647,380 | $38,470 | BLS OEWS May 2016 Official statistic | Report |
| 2017 | 639,700 | $39,550 | BLS OEWS May 2017 Official statistic | Report |
| 2018 | 648,050 | $40,710 | BLS OEWS May 2018 Official statistic | Report |
| 2019 | 655,330 | $42,090 | BLS OEWS May 2019 Official statistic | Report |
| 2020 | 620,110 | $44,050 | BLS OEWS May 2020 Official statistic | Report |
| 2021 | 629,780 | $46,880 | BLS OEWS May 2021 Official statistic | Report |
| 2022 | 664,070 | $46,970 | BLS OEWS May 2022 Official statistic | Report |
| 2023 | 676,570 | $47,770 | BLS OEWS May 2023 Official statistic | Report |
| 2024 | 688,840 | $49,670 | BLS OEWS May 2024 Official statistic | Report |
| 2025 | 704,640 | $50,620 | BLS OEWS May 2025 Official statistic | Report |
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