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Time Machine

Podiatrists

Scrub through 141years of this role's history, from when it first emerged, through every wave of technology that reshaped it, to the cited projections for where it's heading next.

2026drag to travel through time
19001925195019752000now
2026
Known today as Podiatrist / Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM, Medicare-recognised era)
Latest actual · 2024
10K
BLS OEWS May 2024 / OOH 2024-34 edition. Podiatrists held approximately 9,700 jobs in 2024 according to the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook. Median annual wage was $152,800. The employment count has declined modestly from a peak of approximately 12,000-13,000 in the 2000s-2010s, partly because the DPM programme is small (approximately 8 accredited schools graduating roughly 500-600 new DPMs per year), retirements have reduced the practitioner pool, and scope-of-practice competition from orthopaedic surgeons has constrained growth in surgical volume. O*NET sourced the same BLS estimate.
Latest actual · 2024
$152,800
BLS OEWS May 2024. Median annual wage $152,800 ($73.46/hr). Podiatrists rank among the higher-compensated physician-level practitioners; their median exceeds the all-occupations median by a factor of roughly 4. The compensation reflects the DPM degree requirement (four-year postgraduate programme plus residency), low supply (approximately 9,700 active practitioners nationally), and heavy concentration in self-employment or small private practices where practitioners capture a larger share of revenue than salaried hospital-based physicians.
Each dot is a cited figure over time; the dotted line only links them (values between aren't measured). Hollow dots are estimates.
Tools of the era

The tools that defined the work

Select an era to see how it reshaped the work.

  • Hand instruments + plaster-cast orthotics (early professional era)

    The first generation of credentialed chiropodists worked with hand tools that had changed little since the era of itinerant corn-cutters: scalpels, curettes, nail nippers, and probes. What distinguished the professional was not the tool kit but the training to use it safely. X-ray technology, available commercially from the late 1890s, entered podiatric practice slowly; most early chiropodists could not afford or access hospital radiography and relied on manual examination. Foot orthotics were hand-fabricated from leather, felt, cork, or plaster of Paris and fitted in the office. The absence of any powered or mechanised instrument meant that clinical throughput was low and procedures were time-intensive.

    Work toolChanging equipment
  • Fluoroscopy + podiatric X-ray (weight-bearing radiographs for surgical planning)

    Weight-bearing foot radiographs became the standard diagnostic tool for podiatric surgical planning in the post-war era. The introduction of portable and office-based X-ray units put radiographic capability within reach of private podiatric practices for the first time. Weight-bearing views of the foot, which reveal deformities under load that non-weight-bearing films hide, became central to bunion correction, flatfoot reconstruction, and arthritis staging. Fluoroscopy enabled real-time intraoperative guidance for fracture reduction and hardware placement. This era also saw the first power instruments (electric drills and oscillating saws) enter the surgical suite, making bone-cutting faster and more precise than manual osteotomy tools.

    Work toolChanging equipment
  • Medicare physician recognition + surgical expansion (DPM as licensed physician)

    The Social Security Amendments of 1965, which created Medicare, defined "physician" under Section 1861(r) to include a doctor of podiatric medicine. This was a pivotal institutional technology in the sociological sense: it embedded podiatry inside the US healthcare payment infrastructure, unlocked hospital admitting privileges, and enabled the DPM to perform foot-and-ankle surgery in accredited operating rooms rather than office procedure rooms only. The Medicare definition gave podiatrists the same legal standing as MDs and DOs for foot-related procedures, attracting better-qualified applicants to the profession and raising compensation. Surgical volume expanded substantially through the 1970s and 1980s, with bunionectomy, hammertoe correction, and metatarsal procedures becoming office-level or ambulatory-surgery-centre procedures.

    Effect on the work

    Medicare recognition led to a gradual increase in the number of DPM training positions and accredited programmes through the 1970s-1990s, modestly growing the profession from the roughly 7,000-8,000 practitioners of the 1970s toward a peak of approximately 12,000-14,000 in the 2000s-2010s.

    Work toolChanging equipment
  • CAD/CAM orthotics + computerised gait analysis (first digital pressure mapping)

    The 1980s and 1990s brought the first computerised plantar pressure-mapping systems into podiatric practice, replacing the ink-footprint and plaster-cast methods that had dominated orthotic fabrication since the early 20th century. Tekscan (founded 1987) introduced thin-film pressure sensors that could capture dynamic foot-floor forces during walking; F-Scan in-shoe sensors followed. CAD/CAM orthotic fabrication, which allowed a digital scan to drive a CNC milling machine producing a custom device, began replacing the hand-grinding and vacuum-forming lab work that previously required a skilled orthotic technician. The transition shortened custom-device turnaround from two to three weeks to two to three days and reduced the skill barrier to prescribing functional orthotics.

    Work toolChanging equipment
  • Electronic health records + podiatry-specific EHR modules (Modernizing Medicine, Practice Fusion, Kareo)

    The HITECH Act of 2009 and its Meaningful Use incentive programme drove EHR adoption across health professions, including podiatry. Podiatry-specific EHR modules from vendors like Modernizing Medicine (EMA Podiatry), Practice Fusion, and Kareo allowed DPMs to document wound measurements, nail procedures, surgical notes, and orthotics fittings in structured templates rather than free-text narrative. The shift improved billing accuracy (CPT code suggestions from documentation), enabled outcome tracking (wound-size trends, return visit intervals), and created the structured data foundation on which later AI tools such as Net Health Tissue Analytics would build. EHR adoption in small podiatric practices lagged large hospital systems by approximately five years, with most solo and small-group practices fully electronic only by 2015-2018.

    Electronic recordDigital charting
  • Remote temperature monitoring + smart insoles (Podimetrics SmartMat 2014, first-generation wearable sensors)

    Podimetrics launched the SmartMat in 2014 as an FDA-cleared remote patient monitoring device that detects plantar temperature differentials predictive of developing diabetic foot ulcers up to five weeks before visible breakdown. Patients with high-risk diabetic neuropathy step on the mat for 20 seconds daily; the AI-backed system alerts the care team when asymmetric temperatures exceed a clinical threshold. The device shifted podiatric care for diabetic patients from a reactive, clinic-visit-driven model toward a continuous remote surveillance model. By 2022, Podimetrics had raised $45 million in Series C funding and the SmartMat had demonstrated 97 percent sensitivity for predicting plantar foot ulcers in clinical validation studies. The broader effect was a restructuring of the high-risk diabetic-foot appointment: the DPM's time shifted toward interpreting alerts and managing escalations rather than routine surveillance examinations.

    Effect on the work

    Remote monitoring enables one DPM to manage a significantly larger panel of high-risk diabetic patients, potentially reducing per-patient time while improving outcomes. The efficiency gain supports the case for podiatry's role in diabetic limb-salvage programmes, but does not directly reduce the number of podiatric practitioners needed.

    Bedside monitoringVitals at a glance
  • AI wound imaging (Swift Medical wound photography AI, Net Health Tissue Analytics)

    Swift Medical launched its smartphone-based AI wound imaging platform in 2017, applying computer vision to standardised wound photographs to automatically segment tissue types, measure wound area and depth to within 95 percent of manual measurement accuracy, and generate a structured wound assessment report. Net Health Tissue Analytics (founded 2015, FDA Breakthrough Device designation) added CPT billing code automation from wound documentation and EHR integration via API. Together these tools replaced the ruler-and-clock manual wound measurement method that had been standard in diabetic foot care since the 1970s. A systematic review published in Journal of Wound Care (2020) found that AI wound-measurement platforms reduced documentation time by 79 percent per wound visit. The tools also created a longitudinal wound image record, enabling trend analysis that was impractical with manual methods.

    Work toolChanging equipment
  • AI ambient scribes + AI radiographic measurement (Heidi Health, Freed, IB Lab FROG)

    From 2020 onward, two distinct AI tool categories entered podiatric practice in parallel. Ambient AI scribes (Heidi Health, Freed, Nabla) listen to the patient encounter and generate a structured SOAP note with podiatry-specific templates, recovering an estimated 34 clinical days per year per DPM previously lost to post-visit typing. AI radiographic measurement (IB Lab FROG, CE-MDR cleared, launched November 2024) automatically measures 17 standardised landmarks on weight-bearing foot X-rays, replacing manual goniometry and reducing measurement variability between clinicians. Both categories represent augmentation of the DPM's workflow rather than substitution: the AI handles measurement and documentation, freeing the clinician for diagnosis, patient communication, and procedural work that requires physical presence.

    Work toolChanging equipment
Projection cone · present → 2034

What credible sources project

Scrub the slider past now to anchor each scenario on the scrubber. The spread is the range of futures credible sources project for this role.

Employment outlook
Projected change in the number of people doing this work.
BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook 2024-34
2034
+2%
BLS employment projections using industry-occupation matrix and population/demographic demand modelling. Podiatrists are projected to grow 2 percent from 2024 to 2034, adding roughly 200 net positions, with approximately 300 annual job openings (mostly replacement demand from retirements rather than new growth). BLS cites scope-of-practice competition from orthopaedic surgeons and primary care physicians as the primary constraint on faster growth, noting that many patients can receive foot care from non-DPM practitioners. The projection does not factor in the expected acceleration of diabetic foot disease driven by rising US Type 2 diabetes prevalence, which most clinical commentary treats as an upside risk to the BLS baseline.
BLS AI Impacts in Employment Projections 2025 (TED article)
2034
+2%
BLS assessment of AI impacts on healthcare practitioner employment, published in the Monthly Labor Review 2025 series. Podiatrists fall in the category of physicians and surgeons whose procedural scope limits AI substitution; BLS projects AI will augment rather than displace DPM-level healthcare work through 2034. The AI tools available in podiatry (wound imaging AI, remote monitoring, ambient scribes) increase the patient panel a single DPM can manage but do not substitute for the DPM credential itself, since Medicare and state licensure requirements mandate physician-level supervision of foot and ankle surgery and wound debridement procedures.
AI task exposure
Share of the role’s tasks that researchers estimate AI can do. This is a measure of task exposure, not a forecast of jobs lost.
Eloundou et al. — "GPTs are GPTs" (2023)
2028
15%
of tasks
GPT-4 task-level LLM exposure labelling on O*NET task inventory for Podiatrists. Podiatrists score in the low range for LLM task exposure: their dominant tasks (surgical procedures, tactile examination, diabetic wound management, orthotics fitting, intraoperative decision-making) require physical presence and manual skill that LLMs cannot provide. The modest exposure (~15%) is concentrated in documentation, billing, and patient education tasks, all of which AI scribes and coding tools are already addressing. Eloundou's framing is complementarity, not replacement: GPT-class tools assist with the cognitive overhead of healthcare documentation while leaving clinical and procedural work to the practitioner.
Today, in this role

What's shifting in the work right now

The historical view above shows how this role has moved. This is the present-day detail: which AI tools are picking up which tasks, where the edge still is, and the natural directions this work can grow.

What's changing in your day

Three parts of your work where AI is already doing real lifting, and what stays yours.

AI is sitting alongside you hereGenerate post-visit clinical notes and SOAP documentation using an AI ambient scribe that listens to the patient encounter, structures the note, and populates the podiatry EHR — reducing per-visit documentation time from 10-15 minutes to review-and-sign.

Generate post-visit clinical notes and SOAP documentation using an AI ambient scribe that listens to the patient encounter, structures the note, and populates the podiatry EHR — reducing per-visit documentation time from 10-15 minutes to review-and-sign.[6],[7]

Tools picking this up
Where your edge is

Adopt an AI scribe with podiatry-specific templates (procedure notes, wound debridement, orthotic fitting); review every AI-drafted note before signing — the AI cannot verify physical exam findings it did not observe.

AI is sitting alongside you hereRemotely monitor high-risk diabetic patients for pre-ulcerative inflammation using a daily temperature-sensing mat (SmartMat)

Remotely monitor high-risk diabetic patients for pre-ulcerative inflammation using a daily temperature-sensing mat (SmartMat); review AI-flagged alerts and triage which patients need an urgent in-person visit before visible ulceration develops.[8],[9]

Tools picking this up
Where your edge is

Integrate SmartMat alert workflows into your practice's care management protocol; develop triage criteria for acting on AI-flagged asymmetric temperature differentials before the ulcer forms.

AI is taking this onReview AI-assisted billing and CPT code recommendations generated from wound debridement and surgical procedure notes, verify accuracy, and submit claims — replacing manual charge capture with AI-suggested codes drawn directly from the clinical note.

Review AI-assisted billing and CPT code recommendations generated from wound debridement and surgical procedure notes, verify accuracy, and submit claims — replacing manual charge capture with AI-suggested codes drawn directly from the clinical note.[10]

Tools picking this up
Where your edge is

Validate AI CPT suggestions against procedure documentation; understand coding rules for complex wound care (CPT 97597/97598, wound size thresholds) so you catch upcoding or downcoding errors the AI may introduce.

Where this role is heading

Natural next steps for someone with your foundation: not exits, evolutions.

A direction you could grow

Medical and Health Services Managers

Experienced podiatrists who build and operate multi-site group practices already handle hiring, supply procurement, payer contracting, and EHR selection — the core competencies of health services management. AI-driven wound care documentation and remote monitoring platforms require clinical champions who can evaluate and deploy them at scale.

What you'd add
  • · Healthcare operations and revenue cycle management
  • · EHR platform evaluation (Net Health, Swift Medical integration workflows)
  • · Value-based care contracting and quality-metric reporting
  • · MBA or MHA coursework in healthcare finance
What it takesSome new skills to pick up
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The data behind this timeline

On record since1895
Latest tracked employment9,700 (US, 2024)
Latest median pay$152,800 (2024)
Outlook+2% by 2034 (BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook 2024-34)
View all 24 cited data points
YearUS employmentMedian annual paySource
19707,200$24,000ESTIMATE
19747,500n/aESTIMATE
200311,750$94,000ESTIMATE
20047,550$94,400BLS-OEWS
20058,290$100,550BLS-OEWS
20069,020$108,220BLS-OEWS
20079,320$110,510BLS-OEWS
20089,670$113,560BLS-OEWS
20099,720$116,250BLS-OEWS
20109,310$118,030BLS-OEWS
20119,210$119,250BLS-OEWS
20129,090$116,440BLS-OEWS
20138,850$118,210BLS-OEWS
20148,910$120,700BLS-OEWS
20159,500$119,340BLS-OEWS
20169,800$124,830BLS-OEWS
20179,670$127,740BLS-OEWS
20189,500$129,550BLS-OEWS
20199,770$126,240BLS-OEWS
20209,710$134,300BLS-OEWS
20218,840$145,840BLS-OEWS
20229,320$148,720BLS-OEWS
20239,470$141,650BLS-OEWS
20249,700$152,800BLS-OEWS
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