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Pathologists

Official title Physicians, Pathologists (SOC 29-1222)

Also called Anatomic pathologist, Clinical pathologist, Surgical pathologist, Dermatopathologist, Hematopathologist

In brief

In May 2025, BLS counted 11,110 US pathologists, with median pay of $312,400 a year. Of the BLS counts since 2021, the highest was 12,320, in May 2022. The earliest figure here is an estimate of 200 from 1892, not measured the same way as today's count. The last full technology era for pathologists: Whole-slide imaging and digital pathology, 1999 to 2021. Digital pathology expanded the geographic reach of pathologist expertise: a dermatopathologist in Boston could read slides from a community hospital in rural Montana.

What the sources say

Official outlook

BLS projects employment to grow 4.8% from 2025 to 2035.

BLS Employment Projections 2025-35

AI exposure studies

Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35. BLS publishes these counts as yearly survey snapshots and cautions against reading them as a precise trend.

Last updated .

Cite this page
APA

Future History. (2026, October 11). Pathologists: jobs and pay since 1892 [Data set; data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35]. https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/29-1222

Chicago

Future History. "Pathologists: jobs and pay since 1892." Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35. Last modified October 11, 2026. https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/29-1222.

BibTeX

@misc{futurehistory_29_1222, author = {{Future History}}, title = {Pathologists: jobs and pay since 1892}, year = {2026}, month = oct, howpublished = {\url{https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/29-1222}}, note = {Last updated 2026-10-11. Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35}, }

The access date is today's date on your device.

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187519001925195019752000now
2026
Known then as Pathologist / Professor of Pathological Anatomy (post-Virchow, part-time hospital role)
Known then as Pathologist (full-time hospital and medical school position, pre-board certification)
Known then as Pathologist / Board-Certified Pathologist (ABPATH, anatomic and clinical)
Known then as Physicians, Pathologists (BLS SOC 29-1222)
Known today as Physicians, Pathologists (BLS SOC 29-1222)
Projected to still be called Physicians, Pathologists (BLS SOC 29-1222)
Data from the May 2025 survey
US Employment
11K
Est.

Stated in source: BLS OEWS

Official statistic
Report an error
Median Annual Wage
$312,400
Est.

≈ $304,391 in 2024 prices (derived by us, CPI-adjusted)

Official statistic
Report an error
Beat · 1858

Rudolf Virchow publishes "Die Cellularpathologie" in Berlin, establishing that all disease originates in individual cells. The book directly founds the scientific basis of pathology as a distinct discipline. Virchow trained William Henry Welch, who went on to found the pathology department at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889 and train the first generation of American academic pathologists. Before Virchow, American physicians performed autopsies as a secondary duty; after Virchow, pathology became a primary scientific pursuit requiring full-time commitment.

Beat · 1922

The American Society of Clinical Pathologists (ASCP) is founded by 39 physicians in 1922, establishing the first national professional body specifically for pathologists. The ASCP Board of Certification begins certifying laboratory personnel in 1928 and has since certified more than 500,000 medical laboratory professionals. The founding of the ASCP marks the moment pathology ceased to be a role within medicine and became a profession with its own identity, governance, and standards.

Beat · 1936

The American Board of Pathology (ABPath) meets for the first time on July 19, 1936, in Chicago, under the approval of the ABMS and the AMA. The board offers certification in both anatomic and clinical pathology -- the two major divisions of the specialty. Board certification transforms pathology from a self-designated specialty into a credentialed one: hospitals, CAP accreditation programs, and eventually CLIA regulations would all tie laboratory director qualifications to ABPath board certification. The founding of the ABPath is the moment pathology acquires its regulatory moat.

Beat · 1946

The College of American Pathologists (CAP) is founded on December 12-13, 1946, in Chicago, with Frank W. Hartman, MD, as its first president. CAP would become the primary accrediting body for clinical pathology laboratories in the US; its Inspection and Accreditation Program, established in 1962 and first granting accreditations in 1964, is equivalent to CLIA-88 standards. Today CAP accredits approximately 8,000 laboratories worldwide. CAP's role in setting standards for laboratory quality, proficiency testing, and technology adoption (including AI algorithm validation) makes it the institutional backbone of the profession.

Beat · 1955

An Iowa court legally establishes pathology as the practice of medicine -- a significant ruling that settled an ongoing dispute about whether pathologists' laboratory work constituted medical practice or was instead a technical service. The ruling had practical implications for how pathologists could bill for their services, how they were licensed, and how laboratory findings were governed within the healthcare system. CAP had noted "AMA recognition of pathology as the practice of medicine" three years earlier in 1952.

Beat · 2007

The US pathologist workforce peaked at approximately 15,568 (AAMC count) in 2007 and then began a decade-long decline. Over the following ten years the AAMC-counted pathologist workforce fell 17.5% -- the largest workforce decline of any major US physician specialty -- while overall US physician workforce grew 16.6%. During the same period, cancer cases per pathologist rose 41.7%, from 92.81 to 131.54. By 2017, 78% of UK pathology departments reported vacant consultant posts and 26% of US pathology positions were unfilled. The workforce trajectory set the stage for AI augmentation as a practical necessity rather than a technology novelty.

Beat · 2020

A CAP-commissioned study published in 2020 reveals that nationally published reports undercount the US pathologist workforce by approximately 40%. The AAMC figure of approximately 12,839 anatomic and clinical pathologists excludes the 11 subspecialty pathology categories; the AMA Physician Masterfile count is 21,292. The undercount matters because it has led to underestimates of both the specialty's capacity and its shortage. Policy discussions about pathologist supply, residency slot allocations, and AI-replacement risk have all been conducted using a denominator that is approximately 40% too low.

Beat · 2021

Paige AI receives FDA de novo authorization for Paige Prostate Detect, the first-ever AI software cleared for primary diagnosis in pathology. The authorization establishes the regulatory template for AI in pathology: the algorithm is cleared as a decision-support tool (a "second reader"), not as an autonomous diagnostician. Pathologist sign-out remains required for all diagnoses. Within four years, five additional platforms receive 510(k) clearance for primary diagnosis (PathAI AISight Dx, Proscia Concentriq AP-Dx, Indica Labs HALO AP Dx, Ibex Prostate Detect). The 2021 de novo clears the runway for what will become the fastest AI-adoption curve in clinical medicine.

How to read this number

OEWS is a point-in-time survey snapshot, not a continuous time series; BLS advises against using it for year-over-year trend comparison.

Each dot is a cited figure over time; the dotted line only links them (values between aren't measured). Hollow dots are estimates.

Official statistic: Copied by a script from a statistics agency table or a published study's table, not retyped by hand. BLS figures and the forecast and exposure tables are also re-checked against that table on every data run. Researched context: Researched from the cited source rather than copied from it by a script, so it is not machine-checked yet. Spot a mistake? Each figure has a “Report an error” link.

Cited forecasts · present → 2035

Will AI replace pathologists? What the research says

Each figure is stated by the named source; we publish no forecasts of our own. Where sources disagree, we show the disagreement rather than an average.

Each figure is stated by the named source; we publish no forecasts of our own. Where sources disagree, the spread is the honest signal.

What published forecasts say
Forecast change in the number of people doing this work, as published by each named source. Bars share one scale on every role, centred on zero and reaching the end at ±30%. Grey marks a small change, 3% or less either way.
BLS Employment Projections 2025-35
→ 2035
+4.8%
BLS National Employment Matrix, 2025-35 cycle, line for SOC 29-1222 (Physicians, pathologists): 11.8 thousand jobs in 2025, projected 12.4 thousand in 2035, a change of +0.6 thousand (+4.8%). Matrix employment counts all jobs in the occupation, including self-employed workers (3.6% of this occupation in 2025). The average for all occupations in this cycle is +3.5%.
Official statisticReport an error
How exposed is this work to AI (research measures)
Scores as published by each study. Each row says what it measures. These measure what AI could technically do, not forecasts of jobs lost.
Eloundou et al. (2023), "GPTs are GPTs"
2023 study · Share of tasks exposed to LLMs (β, human-rated)
31.8%
of tasks
What this measures

Published occupation-level exposure from the paper's occ_level.csv for O*NET-SOC 29-1222.00 Physicians, Pathologists. Shown: human-rated β = 0.318, the share of the occupation's tasks an LLM could do in at least half the time at equal quality, counting tasks that need LLM-powered software at half weight (β = E1 + 0.5 × E2). Other published measures for this occupation: human-rated α (LLM alone) 0.061 and γ (all LLM-assisted) 0.576; GPT-4-rated β 0.47. This measures how much of the work an LLM could touch, not how many jobs disappear.

Official statisticReport an error
Today, in this role

What's changing day to day for pathologists

Three parts of your work where AI is already doing real lifting, and what stays yours.

AI is sitting alongside you hereWrite and finalize surgical pathology reports, reviewing AI-drafted report templates generated by agentic pathology AI assistants (piloted at academic centers in 2025) that order IHC and special stains automatically and pre-populate report fields from WSI AI analysis outputs

Write and finalize surgical pathology reports, reviewing AI-drafted report templates generated by agentic pathology AI assistants (piloted at academic centers in 2025) that order IHC and special stains automatically and pre-populate report fields from WSI AI analysis outputs; editing the AI-drafted synoptic (CAP Cancer Protocol format) for resection cases; adding diagnostic interpretation, morphologic description, and clinical correlation commentary; ensuring staging adequacy (AJCC TNM), margin, and lymphovascular invasion reporting; and electronically signing the final report in the LIS (MEDITECH, Epic Beaker) before clinical release. Agentic AI report drafting compresses routine report generation from 30-60 min to 5-10 min per case.[10],[1],[7]

Where your edge is

AI report-drafting agents can pre-populate the synoptic CAP Cancer Protocol fields (histologic type, grade, tumor size, margins, lymph nodes, TNM stage) from structured WSI AI outputs: the routine colon resection or lung lobectomy that follows a predictable morphologic pattern is the ideal AI-drafting case. The Pathologist (Aug 2025) identifies "report generation" as one of the six pillars of pathology AI progress, with agentic systems in pilot at academic centers ordering IHC stains and drafting near-final reports for pathologist review. Your critical editorial role is the interpretive commentary: "This moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with mucinous features arising at the ileocecal valve with 4/22 positive lymph nodes is categorized as Stage IIIb (pT4a pN2a M0) — reflex MMR IHC ordered per institutional protocol" requires pathologic reasoning, not template filling. Every signed report is a legal medical record; the pathologist's signature certifies medical accuracy.

AI is sitting alongside you hereReview AI-pre-screened whole-slide images (WSIs) of prostate needle biopsies in the Paige FullFocus viewer, evaluating Paige Prostate Detect's case-level and slide-level cancer detection alerts, reviewing the AI heatmap highlighting foci suspicious for adenocarcinoma, confirming or overriding AI findings on the H&E-stained slides, applying Paige Prostate Grade & Quantify Gleason grading output, and signing out the final surgical pathology report with Gleason score, Grade Group, tumor burden percentage, linear measurement, and perineural invasion status as the board-certified pathologist of record

Review AI-pre-screened whole-slide images (WSIs) of prostate needle biopsies in the Paige FullFocus viewer, evaluating Paige Prostate Detect's case-level and slide-level cancer detection alerts, reviewing the AI heatmap highlighting foci suspicious for adenocarcinoma, confirming or overriding AI findings on the H&E-stained slides, applying Paige Prostate Grade & Quantify Gleason grading output, and signing out the final surgical pathology report with Gleason score, Grade Group, tumor burden percentage, linear measurement, and perineural invasion status as the board-certified pathologist of record. The FDA-authorized AI assistant achieves 70% reduction in diagnostic errors and 65.5% faster turnaround vs. unaided review.[3],[1],[6]

Where your edge is

Paige Prostate Detect is the first FDA-authorized AI in pathology (2021 de novo clearance) and its pivotal study published in Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (2025) confirmed 70% reduction in diagnostic errors in academic medical center routine practice: specifically catching small-volume and high-grade cancers that unaided review misses. A 12-core prostate biopsy generates many glass slides or WSIs; AI pre-screening compresses routine review substantially. Your irreplaceable contribution is the integrative sign-out: correlating Gleason grade with clinical context (PSA trend, prior biopsy history, MRI target), adding prognostic commentary, and deciding whether a focus at the needle base represents true cancer or tangential artifact, clinical-morphologic judgments that require a licensed pathologist and that no AI makes autonomously under current FDA clearance. Audit AI false-negative cases systematically at your lab to calibrate your attestation confidence.

AI is sitting alongside you hereEvaluate AI-flagged breast biopsy and excision specimens using the Paige Breast Suite in the AISight Dx digital pathology platform, reviewing Paige Breast Detect & Neoplasm heatmaps for foci suspicious for invasive carcinoma and pre-cancerous neoplasms, validating Paige Breast Mitosis hotspot counts and mitotic density scores for Ki-67-equivalent grading, assessing Paige HER2Complete AI-measured HER2 expression from H&E to prioritize reflex IHC, and signing out the final diagnostic report with histologic type, Nottingham grade, receptor status interpretation, and margin assessment

Evaluate AI-flagged breast biopsy and excision specimens using the Paige Breast Suite in the AISight Dx digital pathology platform, reviewing Paige Breast Detect & Neoplasm heatmaps for foci suspicious for invasive carcinoma and pre-cancerous neoplasms, validating Paige Breast Mitosis hotspot counts and mitotic density scores for Ki-67-equivalent grading, assessing Paige HER2Complete AI-measured HER2 expression from H&E to prioritize reflex IHC, and signing out the final diagnostic report with histologic type, Nottingham grade, receptor status interpretation, and margin assessment. For sentinel lymph node specimens, reviewing Paige Breast Lymph Node detection alerts (98% sensitivity; up to 55% reading time reduction) before final sign-out.[3],[5],[1]

Where your edge is

Breast pathology is the highest-volume subspecialty in most surgical pathology practices; FDA-cleared AI tools (Paige Breast Suite, PathAI AISight Dx) are compressing reading time for the routine cases: core biopsies showing invasive ductal carcinoma NOS, benign fibroadenomas, and negative sentinel nodes. Your highest-value contribution is the diagnostically challenging subset: radial scars vs. tubular carcinoma, atypical ductal hyperplasia vs. DCIS, columnar cell lesions, lobular neoplasia, and the complex HER2 2+ cases requiring reflex ISH. Paige HER2Complete AI infers HER2 status from H&E: use it to triage reflex IHC orders, but the final receptor interpretation integrates AI H&E inference + IHC stain morphology + clinical context for treatment decisions. The Paige Breast Lymph Node 98% sensitivity figure reduces the false-negative rate for lymph node metastases: audit which case subtypes (lobular carcinoma micrometastases, isolated tumor cells) the AI underperforms on at your institution.

Where pathologists go next

Natural next steps for someone with your foundation: not exits, evolutions.

What each move takes

A direction you could grow

Medical and Health Services Managers

Pathologists are increasingly transitioning into clinical laboratory director, CMO, and VP-level health system leadership roles, particularly as AI digital pathology deployment requires physician executives who understand both the regulatory framework and the clinical workflow. The AI governance opportunity is concrete: health systems deploying Paige Prostate Detect, PathAI AISight Dx, or Proscia Concentriq need a physician leader who can evaluate FDA 510(k) clearance documentation, design institutional algorithm validation studies, oversee CAP accreditation compliance for digital workflows, and represent pathology in enterprise AI steering committees. The Digital Pathology Association, CAP, and USCAP all have active leadership development curricula. Pathologist-executives command premium compensation at health systems and hospital networks: the combination of CLIA laboratory director credentials + clinical AI governance expertise is rare and valuable.

What you'd add
  • · AI governance for clinical laboratories: evaluating FDA 510(k) clearance documentation and device classification, designing institutional analytical validation protocols for AI algorithms as new diagnostic assays, building AI oversight committee charter and governance framework
  • · Healthcare executive credentials: Master of Health Administration (MHA) or MBA with healthcare concentration; IHI white belt/green belt in quality improvement; American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) leadership curriculum
  • · Value-based laboratory medicine: laboratory utilization management (reducing unnecessary test ordering), outreach laboratory business development, payer contracting for molecular diagnostics and digital pathology services
  • · Digital pathology program leadership: LIS vendor contract negotiation (Epic Beaker, MEDITECH Anatomical Pathology), whole-slide scanner procurement and validation, digital pathology implementation project management across histology, cytology, and subspecialty sign-out workflows
What it takesSome new skills to pick up
Tools of the era

How has the work of pathologists changed since 1858?

The tools that defined the work, one line per era. Select an era to see how it reshaped the work.

  • Compound microscope + autopsy knife (Virchow-era cellular pathology)

    Rudolf Virchow's 1858 publication established that disease was a cellular phenomenon, transforming the microscope from a curiosity into the defining instrument of the profession. Pathologists in this era worked primarily with autopsy material: removing organs, examining tissue slices with simple compound microscopes, and correlating microscopic findings with disease manifestations. The standard tissue preparation was freehand sectioning with a blade; formal paraffin embedding and microtome sectioning came in the 1870s-1880s. The compound microscope and the autopsy knife remained the pathologist's only tools for this entire era.

  • Paraffin embedding, H&E staining, and the clinical laboratory (formalized tissue processing era)

    The arrival of paraffin embedding (1880s) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining as the standard histologic preparation transformed biopsy pathology from an occasional autopsy service into a routine clinical workflow. A surgeon could now submit a biopsy and receive a microscopic diagnosis within hours. Clinical laboratories -- processing blood, urine, and cultures -- were staffed at US hospitals beginning in the 1890s, with pathologists serving as laboratory directors. By the 1920s, over 3,000 US hospitals reported incorporating clinical laboratories. This era established the workflow that would define pathology for the next century: submit specimen, process and section, stain, examine under the microscope, report.

    Effect on the work

    Full-time pathology positions appeared at academic medical centers from 1892 onward, displacing the prior model of part-time autopsy work by clinicians. By 1922, pathology had formalized enough as a profession that the ASCP was founded; by 1936, the ABPath provided formal board certification.

  • Board certification (ABPath 1936) and postwar laboratory expansion

    The founding of the American Board of Pathology in July 1936 in Chicago formalized the specialty and established credentialing standards for anatomic and clinical pathology certification. The postwar decades saw explosive growth in the clinical laboratory: new assays for chemistry, hematology, microbiology, and immunology multiplied the diagnostic tests a pathology department could offer. Automated cell counting and the first clinical chemistry analyzers appeared in the 1950s-1960s (the Technicon AutoAnalyzer, introduced 1957, was the first automated clinical chemistry platform). The pathologist's role expanded from tissue diagnosis to laboratory medicine director, overseeing a widening array of clinical laboratory operations.

    Effect on the work

    Training program enrollment rose dramatically: between 1926 and 1963. The pathologist workforce grew from an estimated 1,500 in 1936 to approximately 8,000 by 1960, driven by hospital expansion and clinical laboratory growth in the postwar period.

  • Automated hematology analyzers, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry (IHC)

    The 1970s-1990s brought a wave of automation to the clinical laboratory and a new toolkit for histopathologic interpretation. Automated hematology analyzers (Coulter STKS, Sysmex) replaced manual differential counts for most routine specimens; flow cytometry (commercialized in the 1970s) enabled quantitative immunophenotyping of leukemias and lymphomas. Immunohistochemistry, routinely available from the mid-1970s onward, transformed surgical pathology: pathologists could now apply antibody panels to tissue sections to determine cell lineage, receptor expression, and molecular markers, converting histologic pattern recognition from a largely morphologic art into a marker-guided science. These tools dramatically expanded what a pathologist could determine from tissue and drove a parallel expansion in subspecialization: dermpath, hemepath, neuropath, and cytopathology became increasingly distinct practices within the profession.

  • Liquid-based cytology, molecular diagnostics, and NGS (ThinPrep 1996, PCR-based assays, FISH)

    The FDA approval of the ThinPrep liquid-based cytology system on May 20, 1996, modernized the Pap test -- reducing false negatives, enabling reflex HPV testing from the same sample, and introducing a form of automation to the highest-volume cytology workflow. The same era brought PCR-based molecular diagnostics into routine clinical pathology: FISH for HER2 amplification in breast cancer (1990s), BCR-ABL testing for CML, HPV genotyping. Next-generation sequencing arrived in pathology laboratories in the late 2000s and early 2010s: Foundation Medicine launched FoundationOne CDx in 2012, the first comprehensive genomic profiling test for solid tumors. These tools transformed the pathologist's report from a morphologic description ("invasive ductal carcinoma, grade II") into a molecularly annotated profile that directly guides targeted therapy selection.

    Effect on the work

    Molecular pathology became the fastest-growing subspecialty within pathology during this era. The expanded diagnostic scope required new training: pathology residencies added molecular and genomic pathology rotations, and new subspecialty certifications (molecular genetic pathology, via ABMGG/CAP joint program) emerged.

  • Whole-slide imaging and digital pathology (Aperio 1999, telepathology, remote sign-out)

    Aperio Technologies, founded in 1999 in Vista, California, pioneered the commercial whole-slide imaging (WSI) scanner that could digitize an entire glass microscopy slide into a high-resolution digital file navigable on a computer screen. By the time Leica Biosystems acquired Aperio in 2012 for an undisclosed sum, Aperio had 1,100 systems deployed worldwide. WSI enabled a capability that had not been possible with glass slides: remote sign-out. A pathologist at one institution could review slides from another without physical transport; subspecialty consultations that once required shipping glass became same-day digital transfers. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated digital pathology adoption sharply as laboratories shifted to remote work. By 2020-21, multiple FDA-cleared digital pathology platforms (PathAI AISight, Proscia Concentriq, Indica Labs HALO AP) provided regulatory approval for primary diagnosis rather than just consultation.

    Effect on the work

    Digital pathology expanded the geographic reach of pathologist expertise: a dermatopathologist in Boston could read slides from a community hospital in rural Montana. It also created the computational substrate on which AI would run -- every digital slide became a potential input for machine learning algorithms.

  • FDA-authorized AI for digital pathology (Paige 2021, Ibex 2025, PathAI, Proscia, Indica)

    On September 22, 2021, the FDA authorized Paige Prostate Detect as the first AI software in pathology cleared for primary diagnosis -- a de novo authorization for an algorithm that analyzes prostate biopsy whole-slide images and generates case-level and slide-level cancer detection alerts. This was the pivotal regulatory moment for AI in pathology: it established that an AI algorithm could serve as a decision-support tool in primary diagnosis (not just research), and it set the template for subsequent clearances. By 2025, a full suite of FDA-cleared AI pathology tools was in routine clinical use: Paige Breast Suite, Ibex Prostate Detect (510(k) January 2025), PathAI AISight Dx (primary diagnosis IMS), Proscia Concentriq AP-Dx (32,000 patients diagnosed daily as of July 2025), and Indica Labs HALO AP Dx. Every cleared tool is explicitly assistive-only; pathologist sign-out is required for all. The AI era in pathology is not autonomous diagnosis -- it is augmented diagnosis, where AI catches errors the human eye misses and compresses the time required to process routine cases, freeing pathologist attention for the complex interpretive work that AI cannot do.

    Effect on the work

    AI reduces prostate biopsy slide review time per slide and diagnostic errors by 70% (Paige Prostate Detect, Archives of Pathology 2025 pivotal study). Paige Breast Lymph Node achieves 98% sensitivity for metastases with 55% reading time reduction. These efficiency gains matter: US pathologist cancer caseload per pathologist rose 41.7% from 2007 to 2017 as workforce shrank against rising cancer incidence; AI is a direct response to this workload pressure.

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Physicians, Pathologists employment and pay by year

On record since1858
Latest US employment11,110 (May 2025)Source: BLS OEWS May 2025Official statisticReport an error
Latest US median pay$312,400 (May 2025)Source: BLS OEWS May 2025Official statisticReport an error
Outlook+4.8% by 2035Source: BLS Employment Projections 2025-35Official statisticReport an error
View all 13 years of cited US data, each linked to its source
YearUS employmentAnnual pay (median unless marked)SourceReport
1892200n/aEst., Massachusetts General Hospital Researched contextReport
19361,500n/aEst., ASCP Researched contextReport
19608,000n/aEst., Archives of Pathology and Laboratory… Researched contextReport
1975n/a$58,000Est., PMC 4192917 Researched contextReport
198014,000n/aEst., JAMA Network Open / AAMC data Researched contextReport
2000n/a$180,000Est., BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook Researched contextReport
200715,568n/aEst., JAMA Network Open / AAMC data Researched contextReport
201921,292n/aEst., Reevaluation of the US Pathologist… Researched contextReport
202111,010n/aBLS OEWS May 2021 Official statisticReport
202212,320n/aBLS OEWS May 2022 Official statisticReport
202311,020n/aBLS OEWS May 2023 Official statisticReport
202411,800n/aBLS OEWS May 2024 Official statisticReport
202511,110$312,400BLS OEWS May 2025 Official statisticReport
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