Electricians
Also called Journeyman electrician, Master electrician, Licensed electrician, Residential electrician, Commercial electrician
In brief
In May 2025, BLS counted 757,220 US electricians, with median pay of $63,190 a year. Of the BLS counts since 2012, the May 2025 count is the highest. The earliest figure here is a Census count of 51,000 from 1900, not measured the same way as today's count. The last full technology era for electricians: Smart home wiring + BIM coordination, 2012 to 2022.
What the sources say
Official outlook
BLS projects employment to grow 9.2% from 2025 to 2035.
AI exposure studies
- 14.6% of this job's tasks are exposed to large language models. Not a forecast of job losses. Eloundou and others, 2023
- 0.15 estimated probability that the whole occupation could be computerised, over an unspecified number of years. Not a forecast of job losses. Frey and Osborne, 2013
Since the 2013 prediction
In 2013, Frey and Osborne put this job's probability of computerisation at 0.15. BLS counted 542,680 of these jobs in May 2013 and 757,220 in May 2025 (+40%, a change derived by Future History).
Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35. BLS publishes these counts as yearly survey snapshots and cautions against reading them as a precise trend. In May 2021 BLS changed how it estimates these counts (a model-based method using three years of survey data) and moved fully to the 2018 occupation codes, so part of a change across 2021 can come from the method rather than the work.
Last updated .
Cite this page
Future History. (2026, October 11). Electricians: jobs and pay since 1900 [Data set; data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35]. https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/47-2111
Future History. "Electricians: jobs and pay since 1900." Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35. Last modified October 11, 2026. https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/47-2111.
@misc{futurehistory_47_2111, author = {{Future History}}, title = {Electricians: jobs and pay since 1900}, year = {2026}, month = oct, howpublished = {\url{https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/47-2111}}, note = {Last updated 2026-10-11. Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35}, }
The access date is today's date on your device.
≈ $61,570 in 2024 prices (derived by us, CPI-adjusted)
September 4, 1882: Edison's Pearl Street Station begins commercial power distribution in lower Manhattan, lighting the offices of the New York Times and J.P. Morgan at 23 Wall Street. The station runs six 27-ton "Jumbo" dynamos. The wiremen who connect the first 508 customers have no formal training, no licensing requirement, and no code to follow, only the informal craft knowledge of the telegraph trade. This is the birth date of the commercial electrician as a distinct occupation.
November 28, 1891: Eleven wiremen meet in St. Louis and found the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. The founding document, drafted by Henry Miller after he was fired from the Brush Electric Company for organizing, demands an eight-hour day, a wage floor, and, crucially, exclusive jurisdictional rights over the installation and maintenance of electrical apparatus. This last demand becomes the institutional foundation for licensed-electrician exclusivity. The IBEW is 134 years old in 2025, representing approximately 775,000 workers across electrical construction, utilities, and telecommunications.
The first National Electrical Code is published: the direct ancestor of the document that today runs to 1,400 pages across 9 articles and 90-plus years of revision cycles. The founding motivation was fire: the insurance underwriters who funded the first NEC committee had watched electrical fires destroy buildings at a rate that threatened the entire residential and commercial property insurance market. The NEC makes electrician knowledge formally codifiable: a body of standards that can be tested, updated, and enforced through inspection.
The Rural Electrification Administration is established by executive order on May 11, 1935, part of the New Deal response to the fact that 90% of US farms still had no electricity. The REA provided low-interest loans to rural electric cooperatives; by 1942 it had connected 2.5 million farms. The rural electrification program created a generation of electricians working outside the urban IBEW structure: co-op employees, independent contractors, and self-taught wiremen who wired barns, farmhouses, and irrigation systems across the American countryside.
The 1971 National Electrical Code mandates GFCI protection for outdoor receptacles for the first time. GFCI devices, which trip within 4-6 milliseconds of detecting a ground fault of 5 milliamps or greater, would eventually prevent an estimated 2,000 US electrocution deaths per year. Subsequent NEC cycles extend GFCI requirements to bathrooms, garages, kitchens, crawlspaces, and all "wet locations", by the 2023 NEC, virtually any outdoor or moisture-adjacent receptacle requires GFCI protection. This single device category created decades of retrofit work for licensed electricians in existing buildings.
BLS OEWS records 514,760 electricians in May 2010, near the recession trough and down from 624,560 in May 2007. Residential construction had collapsed; commercial construction followed. The drop was not just a headcount reduction: experienced journeymen who left the trade during 2008-2012 often did not return, creating a skills gap in the workforce that electrical contractors would describe as "the missing generation" through the mid-2020s. The 4-5 year apprenticeship pipeline means workforce losses take years to rebuild.
August 16, 2022: President Biden signs the Inflation Reduction Act. The law contains the largest single investment in climate and clean energy in US history: $369 billion in climate provisions. Tax credits for residential solar (extended and expanded), EV chargers (30%, up to $1,000), heat pumps ($2,000), and commercial clean energy projects immediately accelerate demand for licensed electrical work. Within 12 months, multiple electrical contractor trade publications are documenting record bid volumes. The IRA does not create new kinds of electrical work, everything it accelerates is wiring that a journeyman electrician already knows how to do, but it concentrates that work into a compressed window of demand.
BLS projects +11% employment growth for electricians 2023-2033: faster than any other construction trade occupation and faster than the all-occupation average. The BLS OOH explicitly names EV charging infrastructure, solar energy, and data centers as the primary demand drivers beyond baseline construction. Concurrently, hyperscaler AI datacenter commitments from Microsoft, Meta, Amazon, and Google, estimated at $60-100 billion in capital expenditure in 2024-2025, are creating utility-scale electrical construction demand in Texas, Virginia, Ohio, and Arizona that electrical contractors describe as capacity-constrained: they cannot find enough licensed electricians to bid all available work.
Will AI replace electricians? What the research says
Each figure is stated by the named source; we publish no forecasts of our own. Where sources disagree, we show the disagreement rather than an average.
Each figure is stated by the named source; we publish no forecasts of our own. Where sources disagree, the spread is the honest signal.
What's changing day to day for electricians
Three parts of your work where AI is already doing real lifting, and what stays yours.
AI is sitting alongside you herePerform electrical material takeoff and project estimating using AI-assisted estimating software, importing an electrical drawing PDF into ConEst or McCormick, running the AI-assisted automatic takeoff to count devices and measure wire runs, reviewing the AI count against the drawings for missed items, and building the labor and material bid from the verified takeoff with real-time material pricing from the software's pricing database.
Perform electrical material takeoff and project estimating using AI-assisted estimating software, importing an electrical drawing PDF into ConEst or McCormick, running the AI-assisted automatic takeoff to count devices and measure wire runs, reviewing the AI count against the drawings for missed items, and building the labor and material bid from the verified takeoff with real-time material pricing from the software's pricing database.[9],[10]
AI-assisted takeoff reduces mechanical counting time, but the estimator who wins work is the one who catches what the AI missed, accurately estimates productive labor hours from site-specific conditions (floor heights, slab drilling, ceiling grid type), and prices risk correctly. The skill shift is from manual counting to critical review of AI-generated counts plus project-specific labor productivity assessment: a judgment task that requires field experience.
AI is sitting alongside you herePerform predictive maintenance monitoring on commercial and industrial electrical equipment, reviewing motor health scores and vibration trend data from Augury or similar machine health platforms, interpreting bearing wear and imbalance signatures that precede motor failures, scheduling proactive motor winding resistance tests or transformer oil sampling based on alert thresholds, and documenting findings in the CMMS for the facility manager.
Perform predictive maintenance monitoring on commercial and industrial electrical equipment, reviewing motor health scores and vibration trend data from Augury or similar machine health platforms, interpreting bearing wear and imbalance signatures that precede motor failures, scheduling proactive motor winding resistance tests or transformer oil sampling based on alert thresholds, and documenting findings in the CMMS for the facility manager.[11],[1]
Predictive maintenance monitoring is a recurring commercial contract service that pays much better per hour than new construction work: you are being paid for expertise (interpreting sensor data and recommending action) rather than physical labor. Facility managers pay premium rates for electricians who can interpret motor health data and prevent unplanned downtime. Build a baseline in vibration analysis fundamentals and get familiar with the major machine health platforms; this skill set is in short supply among licensed electricians.
AI is sitting alongside you hereManage service calls and customer communication through field service management software, receiving dispatched service orders in ServiceTitan or FieldEdge, reviewing the customer history and prior service notes before arriving on site, documenting the diagnosis and repair with photos and notes in the app, generating the customer estimate and invoice in the field, and closing the job with a customer signature capture.
Manage service calls and customer communication through field service management software, receiving dispatched service orders in ServiceTitan or FieldEdge, reviewing the customer history and prior service notes before arriving on site, documenting the diagnosis and repair with photos and notes in the app, generating the customer estimate and invoice in the field, and closing the job with a customer signature capture.[12]
FSM software allows a solo electrician or small shop to operate customer communication, scheduling, and invoicing at the level of a company with administrative staff: the leverage gain is real. Proficiency with ServiceTitan specifically is becoming an employer expectation at residential service companies; it also enables you to build a customer database with service history that compounds in value over time for a self-employed contractor.
Where electricians go next
Natural next steps for someone with your foundation: not exits, evolutions.
- Construction Managers
- US median pay
- $114,990 (May 2025)
- BLS outlook 2025-35
- +9.1%
- Electrical Engineers
- US median pay
- $120,630 (May 2025)
- BLS outlook 2025-35
- +9.9%
- Solar Photovoltaic InstallersNo timeline for this role yet
- Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers
- US median pay
- $61,010 (May 2025)
- BLS outlook 2025-35
- +10.9%
- Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers
- US median pay
- $95,320 (May 2025)
- BLS outlook 2025-35
- +10.3%
What each move takes
Construction Managers
Experienced electrical foremen and Master electricians with estimating and project management exposure are a natural pipeline for electrical project manager and construction manager roles. The transition from foreman to PM typically occurs inside an existing electrical contracting firm: the Master license, field credibility, and trade knowledge are the competitive moat against non-trade PMs. Add formal PM training (PMP certification or NECA Project Management training) and proficiency in Procore and project scheduling tools to accelerate the transition.
How has the work of electricians changed since 1882?
The tools that defined the work, one line per era. Select an era to see how it reshaped the work.
Hand tools + cloth- and lead-insulated wire (electrification era)
The first wiremen worked with the hand tools of the building trades (fish tape, hand drills, pliers, knives) plus whatever insulated wire they could get, which was early and unreliable. Edison's initial distribution system used copper conductors wrapped in jute and coated with an asphaltum compound, buried in iron conduit underground. For building interiors, wire was typically rubber-insulated and cloth-braided, stapled directly to wood framing or run through gas-pipe conduit. The lack of standardized insulation and the high variability of early generation and distribution voltage made electrical fires and electrocution common. A wireman's primary diagnostic instrument was a piece of paper: if it charred when held between a live wire and a grounded surface, voltage was present.
Effect on the workEffective zero qualified electricians existed in 1882; by 1900 the Census counted over 51,000. The entire occupation was created by a single technology.
National Electrical Code (first edition 1897): standardized installation practice
The first National Electrical Code was published in 1897 by a joint conference of insurance underwriters, architects, electrical engineers, and the IBEW, convened specifically because fires caused by faulty electrical installations were destroying buildings at an alarming rate. The NEC established minimum standards for wire gauges, insulation types, conduit fill, grounding, and connection methods. It was not immediately mandatory, adoption was state and municipal, but it gave electricians a common technical language and gave the licensed electrician a body of code knowledge that separated them from untrained wiremen. By 1920 the NEC had been adopted across most major US cities. By 2000 it was ANSI standard 70 and had gone through several major revision cycles.
Effect on the workCode-mandated practices raised installation time and material cost but substantially reduced electrical fires; they also established the knowledge base that justified the licensed electrician's wage premium over general construction labor.
Portable electric drill (Black & Decker, 1916) + Romex NM cable (1922)
Black & Decker invented the first portable electric drill in 1916 (pistol grip, trigger switch, one-handed operation) freeing electricians from hand-brace boring and stationary machinery. The bigger transformation was non-metallic sheathed cable (NM cable, trade name "Romex"), patented and introduced commercially around 1922. Romex bundled the hot, neutral, and ground conductors inside a single flexible plastic jacket, making residential wiring dramatically faster and cheaper than running individual conductors through metal conduit. The 1940 NEC recognized Romex as an approved wiring method; by the 1950s it was standard in US residential construction and accounted for the majority of residential electricians' daily work.
Effect on the workRomex reduced residential rough-in labor time compared to conduit-and-individual-wire methods, enabling the post-war housing boom to be wired at scale.
Modern multimeter (Triplett, 1940s) + post-war residential wiring expansion
The Triplett Corporation's 630 series multimeter, introduced in the 1940s, established the form factor that electricians would use for decades: a ruggedized analog meter movement in a belt-pouch housing, capable of measuring AC/DC voltage, current, and resistance. Before the multimeter was common, checking a circuit required a test lamp and careful reasoning; a multimeter let a journeyman characterize any circuit fault in seconds. The post-war residential construction boom (1945-1970) was the first wave of electricians wiring standardized tract houses at industrial scale: Levittown (1947) required thousands of houses wired by electrical crews working from master plans. The demand created both the modern residential electrician specialty and the formalized apprenticeship system as the IBEW and NECA structured training to meet it.
GFCI ground-fault circuit interrupter (1971 NEC requirement) + cordless tools (1960s on)
The ground-fault circuit interrupter was invented by Charles Dalziel at UC Berkeley in 1961 and became a standard commercial product in the late 1960s. The 1971 National Electrical Code made GFCI protection mandatory for outdoor receptacles; subsequent NEC cycles extended the requirement to bathrooms (1975), garages, kitchens, and eventually all "wet locations." For electricians, GFCI installation became one of the most routine daily tasks: the device that would eventually prevent thousands of electrocution deaths per year in the US. Black & Decker's 1961 cordless drill (developed with NASA) entered broad commercial use through the 1970s; by the 1980s cordless tool platforms (Milwaukee, Makita, DeWalt) were standard on job sites.
Effect on the workGFCI and AFCI (arc-fault, 1999 NEC) requirements expanded the scope of electrical inspection and retrofit work, adding steady demand for licensed electricians in existing structures beyond new construction.
AFCI arc-fault interrupter (1999 NEC) + digital clamp meters + laser measurement
The 1999 NEC introduced arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) requirements for bedroom circuits: the safety device targeting the arcing faults from damaged wiring that cause house fires rather than electrocution. Subsequent NEC editions extended AFCI requirements to most living spaces by 2014. Fluke's digital multimeters (the 77 series, introduced 1983; the 117 series by 2007) replaced analog meters as the electrician's standard diagnostic instrument, adding true-RMS measurement, data logging, and non-contact voltage detection. Laser distance measurement (Leica, Bosch, and others entering the construction market by the early 2000s) replaced tape measures for planning conduit runs and panel layouts.
Smart home wiring (Lutron, Z-Wave, 2012+) + BIM coordination (Revit MEP)
The smart home wave (Lutron Caseta wireless dimmer [2012], Nest Learning Thermostat [2011], Ring Video Doorbell [2013], and the proliferation of Z-Wave and Zigbee low-voltage controls) created a new installation discipline for residential electricians: low-voltage wiring alongside line-voltage circuits, hub configuration, and integration with HVAC controls. On commercial and industrial projects, Building Information Modeling software (Autodesk Revit MEP, broadly adopted by electrical contractors by 2012-2015) moved electrical planning from 2D CAD drawings to 3D coordinated models that clash-detect conduit runs against structural, mechanical, and plumbing systems before installation begins. The BIM-coordinated installation reduced rework and change-order costs on large projects substantially.
Effect on the workBIM coordination reduced field rework on large commercial electrical projects (industry surveys by SMACNA and NECA, 2015-2020); smart home installation became a distinct specialty supporting higher residential billing rates.
Inflation Reduction Act era: EV chargers, heat pumps, solar, AI datacenters
On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act: the largest climate investment in US history, with tax credits for residential solar, EV chargers, heat pumps, and energy efficiency retrofits. Within several months, electricians were reporting that EV charger installation had become a material share of their daily work. Heat pump shipments had already outsold gas furnaces in 2022 for the first time in US history; the IRA accelerated that trend. Simultaneously, the AI datacenter buildout of 2024-2025 (Microsoft, Meta, Amazon) created demand for utility-scale electrical work that started straining the capacity of electrical contractors in Texas, Virginia, and Arizona. By 2025, the skilled-electrician shortage was the binding constraint on the US electrification agenda, not capital or materials.
Effect on the workBLS projects +11% employment growth for electricians 2023-2033: faster than average and among the highest in the construction trades. The IRA implementation period and datacenter buildout are cited explicitly in the BLS Occupational Outlook as primary demand drivers.
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Browse all rolesElectricians employment and pay by year
In other countries
The latest figure each country's statistics agency publishes for this job. Each uses its own occupation definition, survey basis and currency, so the numbers are not directly comparable with each other or with the US figures.
Canada (NOC 72200)
- Employment, 2020
- 119,640, Statistics Canada Census 2021 Official statistic Report an errorStatistics Canada Census of Population 2021: number of persons with employment income, the EXACT SUM of the cited cells for NOC 72200 + 72201 (this US occupation has no single NOC unit-group equivalent), combined as Electricians (construction and industrial), Canada, reference year 2020. A recipients basis (anyone with employment income during the year), slightly broader than a point-in-time employed count. A sum of cited cells, not an estimate. Statistics Canada Open Licence.
- Median pay, 2020
- C$68,000, Statistics Canada Census 2021 Official statistic Report an errorStatistics Canada Census of Population 2021 (Table 98-10-0586): median employment income for NOC 72200 Electricians (except industrial and power system), the dominant constituent of the combined Electricians (construction and industrial) (NOC 72200 + 72201), Canada, reference year 2020, full-year full-time workers (the basis comparable to the US OEWS full-time median). This is the cited median of the dominant group, not a blend of the constituent medians. Statistics Canada Open Licence.
United Kingdom (UK SOC 5241)
- Employment, 2025
- 97,000, ONS ASHE 2025 Official statistic Report an errorONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (Table 14): employee jobs in SOC 5241 Electricians and electrical fitters, United Kingdom, 2025 (ASHE "number of jobs", thousands x1000; excludes self-employment). Open Government Licence v3.0.
- Median pay, 2025
- £39,187, ONS ASHE 2025 Official statistic Report an errorONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (Table 14.7a): median gross annual pay for all employee jobs in SOC 5241 Electricians and electrical fitters, United Kingdom, 2025. Open Government Licence v3.0.
Australia (ANZSCO 3411)
- Employment, 2025
- 195,200, ABS Labour Force Survey March 2026 Official statistic Report an errorABS Labour Force Survey (Detailed), table EQ08: employed persons in ANZSCO 3411 Electricians, national (summed across sex and state/territory), annual average of 4 quarterly estimates.
- Median pay, 2025
- A$113,932, ABS Employee Earnings May 2025 Official statistic Report an errorAnnualised (x52) from A$2,191 median weekly earnings. ABS Survey of Employee Earnings and Hours, May 2025: median pay for full-time non-managerial employees paid at the adult rate, before tax. Surfaced via the Jobs and Skills Australia occupation profile for ANZSCO 3411.
View all 29 years of cited US data, each linked to its source
| Year | US employment | Annual pay (median unless marked) | Source | Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 51,000 | n/a | Decennial Census 1900 Researched context | Report |
| 1920 | 210,000 | n/a | Decennial Census 1920 Researched context | Report |
| 1940 | 290,000 | n/a | Est., Future History (derived estimate) Researched context | Report |
| 1960 | 390,000 | n/a | Est., BLS Researched context | Report |
| 1980 | 580,000 | $18,000 | Est., BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook Researched context | Report |
| 2000 | 640,260 | $40,120 | BLS OEWS 2000 Official statistic | Report |
| 2003 | 584,010 | $41,680 | BLS OEWS May 2003 Official statistic | Report |
| 2004 | 582,920 | $42,300 | BLS OEWS May 2004 Official statistic | Report |
| 2005 | 606,500 | $42,790 | BLS OEWS May 2005 Official statistic | Report |
| 2006 | 617,370 | $43,610 | BLS OEWS May 2006 Official statistic | Report |
| 2007 | 624,560 | $44,780 | BLS OEWS May 2007 Official statistic | Report |
| 2008 | 633,010 | $46,420 | BLS OEWS May 2008 Official statistic | Report |
| 2009 | 579,150 | $47,180 | BLS OEWS May 2009 Official statistic | Report |
| 2010 | 514,760 | $48,250 | BLS OEWS May 2010 Official statistic | Report |
| 2011 | 512,290 | $49,320 | BLS OEWS May 2011 Official statistic | Report |
| 2012 | 519,850 | $49,840 | BLS OEWS May 2012 Official statistic | Report |
| 2013 | 542,680 | $50,510 | BLS OEWS May 2013 Official statistic | Report |
| 2014 | 566,930 | $51,110 | BLS OEWS May 2014 Official statistic | Report |
| 2015 | 592,230 | $51,880 | BLS OEWS May 2015 Official statistic | Report |
| 2016 | 607,120 | $52,720 | BLS OEWS May 2016 Official statistic | Report |
| 2017 | 631,080 | $54,110 | BLS OEWS May 2017 Official statistic | Report |
| 2018 | 655,840 | $55,190 | BLS OEWS May 2018 Official statistic | Report |
| 2019 | 688,620 | $56,180 | BLS OEWS May 2019 Official statistic | Report |
| 2020 | 656,510 | $56,900 | BLS OEWS May 2020 Official statistic | Report |
| 2021 | 650,580 | $60,040 | BLS OEWS May 2021 Official statistic | Report |
| 2022 | 690,050 | $60,240 | BLS OEWS May 2022 Official statistic | Report |
| 2023 | 712,580 | $61,590 | BLS OEWS May 2023 (employment) Official statisticBLS OEWS May 2023 (pay) Official statistic | Report |
| 2024 | 742,580 | $62,350 | BLS OEWS May 2024 Official statistic | Report |
| 2025 | 757,220 | $63,190 | BLS OEWS May 2025 Official statistic | Report |
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