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Agricultural engineers

Also called Ag engineer, Farm engineer, Biosystems engineer, Bioengineer (agriculture), Precision agriculture engineer

In brief

In May 2025, BLS counted 1,480 US agricultural engineers, with median pay of $98,590 a year. Of the BLS counts since 2021, the highest was 1,860, in May 2023. The earliest figure here is an estimate of 800 from 1930, not measured the same way as today's count. The last full technology era for agricultural engineers: Cloud farm management platforms, drone analytics, and AI irrigation scheduling, 2010 to 2022.

What the sources say

Official outlook

BLS projects employment to grow 6.9% from 2025 to 2035.

BLS Employment Projections 2025-35

AI exposure studies

Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35. BLS publishes these counts as yearly survey snapshots and cautions against reading them as a precise trend.

Last updated .

Cite this page
APA

Future History. (2026, October 11). Agricultural engineers: jobs and pay since 1930 [Data set; data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35]. https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/17-2021

Chicago

Future History. "Agricultural engineers: jobs and pay since 1930." Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35. Last modified October 11, 2026. https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/17-2021.

BibTeX

@misc{futurehistory_17_2021, author = {{Future History}}, title = {Agricultural engineers: jobs and pay since 1930}, year = {2026}, month = oct, howpublished = {\url{https://futurehistory.earth/timeline/17-2021}}, note = {Last updated 2026-10-11. Data as of BLS OEWS May 2025; BLS Employment Projections 2025-35}, }

The access date is today's date on your device.

drag to travel through time
1925195019752000now
2026
Known then as Agricultural Engineer (farm mechanics and irrigation focus)
Known then as Agricultural Engineer (USDA Division / land-grant era)
Known then as Agricultural Engineer (mechanization, irrigation, soil conservation)
Known then as Agricultural Engineer / Biosystems Engineer (precision agriculture emergence)
Known then as Agricultural Engineers (BLS SOC 17-2021; also Biological Systems Engineer, Precision Agriculture Engineer)
Known today as Agricultural Engineers (BLS SOC 17-2021; also Biological Systems Engineer, Precision Agriculture Engineer)
Projected to still be called Agricultural Engineers (BLS SOC 17-2021; also Biological Systems Engineer, Precision Agriculture Engineer)
Data from the May 2025 survey
US Employment
1K
Est.

Stated in source: BLS OEWS

Official statistic
Report an error
Median Annual Wage
$98,590
Est.

≈ $96,062 in 2024 prices (derived by us, CPI-adjusted)

Official statistic
Report an error
Beat · 1862

July 2, 1862: President Abraham Lincoln signs the Morrill Land-Grant College Act, establishing federal land grants to create colleges focused on agriculture and the mechanic arts in every state. This legislation created the institutional substrate from which agricultural engineering would emerge four decades later. Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (now Iowa State University), Cornell, Illinois, Wisconsin, and over 60 other institutions founded under the Morrill Act would become the primary academic homes of the new profession.

Beat · 1907

December 14, 1907: J. Brownlee Davidson and 17 colleagues gather at the University of Wisconsin-Madison to found the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) -- the first professional organization dedicated to applying engineering principles to agriculture. Davidson, the 27-year-old head of agricultural engineering at Iowa State College, serves as the founding president. The founding meeting establishes the society's purpose: the advancement of engineering in agriculture, the standardization of agricultural engineering practice, and the professional recognition of agricultural engineers as a distinct class of engineer alongside civil, mechanical, and electrical engineers.

Beat · 1910

Iowa State College awards the world's first bachelor's degree in agricultural engineering to Jacob E. Waggoner. The degree program, developed under J. Brownlee Davidson's leadership beginning in 1905, becomes the model for agricultural engineering programs subsequently adopted at virtually every US land-grant university and many international institutions. Waggoner goes on to specialize in rural electrification and agricultural communications, establishing similar programs at other universities -- a career arc that defines what the profession believed its mission was in the early decades: not just engineering for individual farms, but engineering the infrastructure of rural life.

Beat · 1931

July 1, 1931: The USDA establishes the Bureau of Agricultural Engineering, giving the profession bureau status within the federal government. The Bureau's research divisions -- Irrigation, Drainage and Soil Erosion Control, Mechanical Equipment, Structures, and Plans and Services -- codify the core technical domains of the profession as the federal government understood them in the New Deal era. The Bureau is abolished in 1938-1939 when it merges with the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, but its research mission continues in successor organizations through to the modern USDA Agricultural Research Service.

Beat · 1935

The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is established by Congress on April 27, 1935, in direct response to the Dust Bowl. The SCS (renamed NRCS in 1994) becomes the single largest institutional employer of agricultural engineers outside universities, creating field engineering positions in virtually every US county. The Conservation Practice Standards the SCS develops in the 1930s and 1940s -- for drainage, terracing, waterways, and farm ponds -- remain the backbone of US agricultural conservation engineering standards today, now published as NRCS Conservation Practice Standards that PE-certified agricultural engineers must follow for EQIP cost-share program eligibility.

Beat · 1996

John Deere launches GreenStar, the first commercially integrated GPS field guidance and yield mapping system, in 1996 -- the same year the US Department of Defense reduces Selective Availability of GPS signals for civilian use. Agricultural engineers are the professionals positioned to translate GPS field data into engineering decisions: variable-rate irrigation designs, GPS-referenced drainage layout, and precision field mapping for soil sampling programs. By 1998, only 4% of US farms used any precision agriculture technology; by the late 2000s, adoption had climbed sharply. The 1996 GreenStar launch is the profession's most important technology inflection point between the New Deal era and the AI wave of the 2020s.

Beat · 2005

ASAE members vote to rename the organization the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) to reflect that most university departments offering the degree had already changed their names from "Agricultural Engineering" to "Biological Systems Engineering," "Biosystems Engineering," or similar. The name change reflects a genuine broadening of the profession's scope: food processing engineering, environmental engineering for agricultural systems, and bioprocess engineering had become standard components of the curriculum. The BLS SOC code 17-2021 retains the title "Agricultural Engineers," creating a lasting gap between the BLS label and the title most practitioners use.

Beat · 2023

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 directs $8.45 billion in supplemental funding to USDA NRCS conservation programs (EQIP, CSP, RCPP) through 2031 -- the largest single infusion of federal agricultural conservation funding in US history. For agricultural engineers, this funding represents a multi-year backlog of PE-certified conservation engineering projects: drainage system design, precision irrigation conversion, CAFO manure management engineering, and cover crop system integration. NRCS state offices report that the primary constraint on delivering IRA-funded projects is not money but the supply of certified agricultural engineers to sign and seal the required Conservation Practice Standard designs.

How to read this number

OEWS is a point-in-time survey snapshot, not a continuous time series; BLS advises against using it for year-over-year trend comparison.

Each dot is a cited figure over time; the dotted line only links them (values between aren't measured). Hollow dots are estimates.

Official statistic: Copied by a script from a statistics agency table or a published study's table, not retyped by hand. BLS figures and the forecast and exposure tables are also re-checked against that table on every data run. Researched context: Researched from the cited source rather than copied from it by a script, so it is not machine-checked yet. Spot a mistake? Each figure has a “Report an error” link.

Cited forecasts · present → 2035

Will AI replace agricultural engineers? What the research says

Each figure is stated by the named source; we publish no forecasts of our own. Where sources disagree, we show the disagreement rather than an average.

Each figure is stated by the named source; we publish no forecasts of our own. Where sources disagree, the spread is the honest signal.

What published forecasts say
Forecast change in the number of people doing this work, as published by each named source. Bars share one scale on every role, centred on zero and reaching the end at ±30%. Grey marks a small change, 3% or less either way.
BLS Employment Projections 2025-35
→ 2035
+6.9%
BLS National Employment Matrix, 2025-35 cycle, line for SOC 17-2021 (Agricultural engineers): 1.5 thousand jobs in 2025, projected 1.6 thousand in 2035, a change of +0.1 thousand (+6.9%). Matrix employment counts all jobs in the occupation, including self-employed workers. The average for all occupations in this cycle is +3.5%.
Official statisticReport an error
How exposed is this work to AI (research measures)
Scores as published by each study. Each row says what it measures. These measure what AI could technically do, not forecasts of jobs lost.
Eloundou et al. (2023), "GPTs are GPTs"
2023 study · Share of tasks exposed to LLMs (β, human-rated)
33.3%
of tasks
What this measures

Published occupation-level exposure from the paper's occ_level.csv for O*NET-SOC 17-2021.00 Agricultural Engineers. Shown: human-rated β = 0.333, the share of the occupation's tasks an LLM could do in at least half the time at equal quality, counting tasks that need LLM-powered software at half weight (β = E1 + 0.5 × E2). Other published measures for this occupation: human-rated α (LLM alone) 0 and γ (all LLM-assisted) 0.667; GPT-4-rated β 0.426. This measures how much of the work an LLM could touch, not how many jobs disappear.

Official statisticReport an error
Today, in this role

What's changing day to day for agricultural engineers

Three parts of your work where AI is already doing real lifting, and what stays yours.

AI is sitting alongside you hereConduct field variability analysis and precision agriculture system design for large-scale grain and specialty crop operations using drone multispectral imagery and AI analytics: commission Sentera or Taranis drone flight campaigns to generate NDVI, NDRE, and thermal stress maps

Conduct field variability analysis and precision agriculture system design for large-scale grain and specialty crop operations using drone multispectral imagery and AI analytics: commission Sentera or Taranis drone flight campaigns to generate NDVI, NDRE, and thermal stress maps; review AI-flagged problem zones for irrigation deficiency, pest pressure, or nutrient deficiency; translate field variability maps into variable-rate application (VRA) prescription maps for seed, fertilizer, and crop protection inputs; integrate VRA prescriptions with John Deere Operations Center for machine-level execution and agronomic outcome tracking.[11],[7],[8]

Where your edge is

AI-driven drone analytics and variability mapping greatly accelerate field problem detection, but translating a problem map into a corrective prescription requires agronomic judgment: is a yellowing zone in the NDVI map a nitrogen deficiency, a compaction pan, a drainage impediment, or a nematode population, and does each cause call for a different prescription response? AI platforms flag anomalies; they do not diagnose root causes or recommend agronomically appropriate corrective actions. Build depth in soil fertility and plant nutrition, integrated pest management (IPM), and field diagnostic skills (soil sampling protocols, tissue sampling, visual symptomology) so you can ground-truth AI-flagged field anomalies rather than prescribe into false positives.

AI is sitting alongside you hereDesign and specify precision irrigation systems (center pivot, drip, and subsurface drip irrigation [SDI]) optimized with AI-assisted scheduling platforms: size pivot spans, emitter flow rates, and mainline distribution networks to meet crop ET demand across field variability zones identified from satellite NDVI and soil EC mapping data in Climate FieldView

Design and specify precision irrigation systems (center pivot, drip, and subsurface drip irrigation [SDI]) optimized with AI-assisted scheduling platforms: size pivot spans, emitter flow rates, and mainline distribution networks to meet crop ET demand across field variability zones identified from satellite NDVI and soil EC mapping data in Climate FieldView; configure CropX or Lindsay FieldNET AI platforms to automate irrigation scheduling based on soil moisture sensor data, weather station integration, and crop coefficient models; validate AI-recommended irrigation events against field observations; PE-stamp irrigation system design drawings for state water right permit applications.[9],[10],[8],[1]

Where your edge is

CropX and Lindsay FieldNET AI scheduling platforms optimize irrigation events against soil moisture and ET model inputs, but the irrigation system design (flow rates, pipe sizing, pressure requirements, emitter spacing, and pump selection) is the agricultural engineer's non-delegable deliverable. An AI-scheduled irrigation system built on an incorrectly sized mainline or undersized pump will fail regardless of scheduling quality. For water right permit applications, the PE-stamped design must demonstrate that the system can deliver the permitted instantaneous flow rate to every delivery point under maximum demand: this requires hydraulic modeling that the AI scheduling platforms do not perform. Build proficiency in NRCS Sprinkler Irrigation (Part 652) and Irrigation Water Management (Part 652) engineering handbooks, and in hydraulic modeling tools for pivot and drip system pressure distribution.

AI is sitting alongside you hereEvaluate and integrate AI-guided precision weed control and autonomous farming equipment into farm operation workflows: assess commercial readiness of John Deere See & Spray Ultimate for specific crop-weed combinations present on client farms

Evaluate and integrate AI-guided precision weed control and autonomous farming equipment into farm operation workflows: assess commercial readiness of John Deere See & Spray Ultimate for specific crop-weed combinations present on client farms; review Carbon Robotics LaserWeeder deployment suitability for vegetable and specialty crop operations (row spacing, weed pressure, soil conditions); evaluate Monarch Tractor MK-V autonomous electric tractor for field operations (tillage, cultivation, spray application) and advise on charging infrastructure requirements; develop operator training programs and ROI models for precision equipment adoption.[6],[13],[14]

Where your edge is

See & Spray, LaserWeeder, and autonomous tractor platforms perform well within validated crop-weed combinations and field configurations but have documented limitations outside those conditions: See & Spray herbicide reduction claims are validated for broadleaf weeds in corn and soybean but performance in specialty crops or against grass weeds in grass crops is substantially different. Agricultural engineers evaluating equipment for client adoption need to critically assess vendor performance claims against independent university extension data (Land-Grant university precision agriculture extension programs publish unsponsored field-scale evaluations) and conduct on-farm validation trials before committing to large-scale deployment. The equipment selection, integration, and ROI analysis are the durable engineering value; the machine learning inside the equipment is the vendor's responsibility.

Where agricultural engineers go next

Natural next steps for someone with your foundation: not exits, evolutions.

What each move takes

A direction you could grow

Construction Managers

Agricultural engineers who develop strong project management, contractor oversight, and construction administration skills on NRCS EQIP projects (drainage systems, livestock facilities, grain storage) transition naturally into Construction Manager roles, particularly at agricultural construction firms, rural general contractors, and agricultural lending institutions that need construction managers who understand the unique requirements of farm building projects (agricultural load standards, soil and groundwater conditions, USDA program compliance). The IRA conservation funding wave through 2031 is sustaining a significant pipeline of agricultural construction projects that need managers with PE-qualified technical backgrounds. Agricultural engineers are well-positioned because the combination of NRCS standards knowledge, structural engineering fundamentals, and field site experience is rare in the general construction management market.

What you'd add
  • · Construction project management: CPM scheduling (Primavera P6 or MS Project), subcontractor bid evaluation and award, daily progress reporting, and change order management for agricultural construction contracts
  • · Agricultural construction procurement: USDA NRCS contracting requirements for EQIP-funded projects (performance bonds, prevailing wage documentation, certified payroll), and agricultural contractor prequalification
  • · Cost estimating for agricultural facilities: grain bin and elevator construction cost models, dairy and poultry house construction cost databases, drainage system unit cost estimating per linear foot of tile depth and diameter
  • · Construction safety management: OSHA 30-hour Construction Safety certification; grain bin entry lockout/tagout procedures; confined space permit programs for manure storage and grain facilities
  • · Construction law fundamentals: AIA contract forms for agricultural design-build projects, mechanic's lien procedures for farm property, surety bond requirements for USDA-funded construction contracts
What it takesSome new skills to pick up
Tools of the era

How has the work of agricultural engineers changed since 1905?

The tools that defined the work, one line per era. Select an era to see how it reshaped the work.

  • Drafting board, surveying instruments, and slide rule (classical engineering foundation era)

    The first generation of agricultural engineers worked entirely with the tools of classical civil and mechanical engineering: plane table surveys, hand-leveled drainage grades, slide rule hydraulic calculations, and drafting board layout for tile drainage networks and irrigation canal designs. The profession's core skill in this era was translating agronomic intuition -- knowing what a farmer's field needed -- into engineering calculations defensible to the USDA and state land-grant extension systems. J. Brownlee Davidson's seminal 1913 textbook "Farm Machinery and Farm Motors" and the early ASAE publications defined the calculation methods that agricultural engineers would use for the next three decades.

  • Rural electrification infrastructure and New Deal soil conservation engineering

    President Roosevelt's Rural Electrification Administration (1935) created an unprecedented wave of agricultural engineering work: designing electrical systems for farmsteads, specifying motors for irrigation pumps and grain dryers, engineering the wiring and load calculations for new farm buildings that had never carried electricity. Simultaneously, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS, established 1935 after the Dust Bowl) created a large federal workforce of agricultural engineers designing terraces, waterways, farm ponds, and tile drainage systems under the new federal conservation programs. The SCS was arguably the largest single employer of agricultural engineers in this period, with field offices in nearly every county in the Corn Belt and Great Plains.

    Effect on the work

    The New Deal conservation programs and REA collectively created thousands of agricultural engineering positions in federal and state agencies -- the largest expansion of the profession's workforce until the NRCS EQIP program funding waves of the 2000s and 2020s.

  • Green revolution machinery, CAD precursors, and computer-aided hydraulic modeling

    The green revolution of the 1960s-1970s drove demand for agricultural engineers across three fronts: designing larger and more productive equipment (combine harvesters, center pivot irrigation systems, and field-scale drainage tile networks), engineering the structures to store and process the vastly increased yields (grain bins, commercial grain elevators, feedlots), and managing the water quality consequences of intensified production (drainage design, feedlot runoff containment, early Clean Water Act compliance). The pivot irrigation system -- first commercially practical in the 1950s and exploding in adoption in the 1960s-1970s -- was the signature technology of the era: agricultural engineers designed the hydraulics, the nozzle configurations, the electrical controls, and the soil-moisture-based scheduling protocols that made pivot irrigation the dominant irrigation method in the Great Plains.

    Effect on the work

    Employment in the profession grew substantially in this era, driven by equipment manufacturers (John Deere, Case, International Harvester), the USDA Soil Conservation Service, state cooperative extension services, and irrigation engineering consulting firms. Engineering computing tools (early mainframe hydraulic modeling, pre-AutoCAD drafting) began to shift the productivity frontier.

  • GPS precision agriculture, GIS field mapping, and AutoCAD Civil 3D

    The modern precision agriculture era dates precisely to 1996, when John Deere launched GreenStar, the first commercially integrated GPS field guidance and yield mapping system. That year was also when the US Department of Defense relaxed Selective Availability on GPS signals, making sub-meter accuracy possible for civilian agricultural applications. Agricultural engineers were the profession positioned to translate GPS field data into engineering decisions: variable-rate irrigation designs based on field-level soil variability maps, drainage system layouts optimized to soil hydraulic conductivity data gathered by GPS-referenced probe transects, and building sites staked using GPS total stations rather than optical transit instruments. The first commercially successful grain yield monitors had arrived in 1992; by 1998, a small share of US farms used at least one precision agriculture technology. By 2005, the fraction had climbed sharply. AutoCAD Civil 3D, available in desktop form by the mid-2000s, replaced drafting boards for tile drainage layout and irrigation system design.

    Effect on the work

    Precision agriculture tools expanded the scope of work an individual agricultural engineer could take on -- a single engineer could manage more field data and produce more designs per year -- but did not yet materially reduce the number of engineers needed. The profession's employment remained roughly stable in this era.

  • Cloud farm management platforms, drone analytics, and AI irrigation scheduling

    The 2010s brought the cloud to the farm: John Deere Operations Center (launched 2012), Climate FieldView (launched 2015), and Granular (launched 2014, acquired by Corteva) built platforms that aggregated field sensor data, satellite imagery, equipment telematics, and weather forecasts into unified dashboards accessible on a smartphone from anywhere. For agricultural engineers, this era changed the nature of field data work: analysis that previously required downloading data at the end of a season and processing it in a desktop GIS could now happen continuously through the growing season from a tablet. AI-powered irrigation scheduling (CropX, Lindsay FieldNET Advisor) automated the routine scheduling calculations that had previously required engineer involvement for each decision. Drone multispectral platforms (Sentera, beginning 2014) made field problem detection faster and cheaper.

    Effect on the work

    Cloud and AI automation of field data analysis and irrigation scheduling tasks reduced the routine data-processing component of agricultural engineering work, putting pressure on engineers to shift toward the higher-judgment work (NRCS certification, PE-stamped design, regulatory compliance) that these tools cannot perform. The profession's headcount stabilized at a low level rather than contracting sharply, because the work that remained required PE licensure.

  • AI-guided autonomous equipment, computer vision weeding robots, and LLM-assisted engineering design

    The 2022-2026 period marks the most rapid tool-era transition in the profession's history. John Deere's See & Spray Ultimate (commercial launch 2023) uses real-time computer vision to differentiate crop from weed and apply herbicide only to weeds, reducing herbicide use in validated deployments -- automating crop protection decisions that previously required an agricultural engineer's agronomic analysis. Carbon Robotics LaserWeeder (commercial since 2022) applies AI-guided lasers to eliminate weeds without herbicide in vegetable production. Monarch Tractor MK-V (commercial 2024) brings fully autonomous tractor operations to the farm. Simultaneously, CIBO Technologies automates satellite-derived soil carbon quantification across millions of field acres, and CropX AI automates irrigation scheduling from sensor data and ET models. LLM-based assistants are beginning to enter the design documentation workflow, helping agricultural engineers draft NRCS conservation practice standard reports and regulatory compliance narratives. The IRA ($8.45B supplemental EQIP funding through 2031) ensures that demand for PE-certified engineering work remains strong even as the data-analysis layer automates.

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Agricultural Engineers employment and pay by year

On record since1905
Latest US employment1,480 (May 2025)Source: BLS OEWS May 2025Official statisticReport an error
Latest US median pay$98,590 (May 2025)Source: BLS OEWS May 2025Official statisticReport an error
Outlook+6.9% by 2035Source: BLS Employment Projections 2025-35Official statisticReport an error
View all 27 years of cited US data, each linked to its source
YearUS employmentAnnual pay (median unless marked)SourceReport
1930800n/aEst., National Archives Researched contextReport
19604,800$7,200Est., Iowa State University (employment) Researched contextEst., University of Missouri Libraries (pay) Researched contextReport
199016,000n/aEst., BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook Researched contextReport
20002,170$55,850BLS OEWS 2000 Official statisticReport
20032,270$50,970BLS OEWS May 2003 Official statisticReport
20043,220$56,520BLS OEWS May 2004 Official statisticReport
20053,170$64,890BLS OEWS May 2005 Official statisticReport
20063,050$66,030BLS OEWS May 2006 Official statisticReport
20072,480$67,710BLS OEWS May 2007 Official statisticReport
20082,640$68,730BLS OEWS May 2008 Official statisticReport
20092,620$69,560BLS OEWS May 2009 Official statisticReport
20102,520$71,090BLS OEWS May 2010 Official statisticReport
20112,650$74,630BLS OEWS May 2011 Official statisticReport
20122,470$74,000BLS OEWS May 2012 Official statisticReport
20132,590$74,450BLS OEWS May 2013 Official statisticReport
20142,450$71,730BLS OEWS May 2014 Official statisticReport
20152,330$75,090BLS OEWS May 2015 Official statisticReport
20161,980$73,640BLS OEWS May 2016 Official statisticReport
20171,770$74,780BLS OEWS May 2017 Official statisticReport
20181,630$77,110BLS OEWS May 2018 Official statisticReport
20191,550$80,720BLS OEWS May 2019 Official statisticReport
20201,440$84,410BLS OEWS May 2020 Official statisticReport
20211,120$82,640BLS OEWS May 2021 Official statisticReport
20221,500$83,260BLS OEWS May 2022 Official statisticReport
20231,860$88,750BLS OEWS May 2023 Official statisticReport
20241,680$84,630BLS OEWS May 2024 Official statisticReport
20251,480$98,590BLS OEWS May 2025 Official statisticReport
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